introduction: although tolerance to and dependence on opioids are characterized by excessive activity of camp pathway in some brain stem nuclei, the impact of morphine dependence on activity of camp pathway in paragigantocellularis nucleus (pgi), located in the rostral ventrolateral medulla, remains unclear. therefore, the effect of adenyl cyclase activator forskolin on spontaneous firing rate ...

Adaptive rate control, if properly employed, is an effective mechanism to sustain acceptable levels of Quality of Service (QoS) in wireless networks where channel and traffic conditions vary over time. In this paper we present an adaptive rate (source and channel) control mechanism, developed as part of an Adaptive Resource Allocation and Management (ARAM) algorithm, for use in Direct Broadcast...

Adaptive control strategies utilizing preview information of upstream velocity are promising approaches for enhancing performance and reducing loads on hydrokinetic turbines. A control scheme relating a turbine’s characteristic performance curve and rotation rate to an optimal torque setpoint is implemented experimentally and in simulation for a laboratory‐scale helical cross‐flow turbine. Ener...

This paper presents an adaptive rate control initialization algorithm for H.264 at low bit rate. First we search the best initialization quantization parameters that used to generate a reconstructed video sequence with highest quality and reconstructed video sequence quality without extremely change of GOP (Group of Pictures) in different characteristic video sequence and different low bit rate...

In this article, we present a cross-layer adaptive algorithm that dynamically maximizes the average utility function. A per stage utility function is defined for each link of a carrier sense multiple access-based wireless network as a weighted concave function of energy consumption, smoothed rate, and smoothed queue size. Hence, by selecting weights we can control the trade-off among them. Usin...

Self-tuning adaptive control technique has the advantage of being able to track the system operating conditions so that satisfactory control action can always be produced. Self-tuning algorithms can be implemented easily. Because the power systems are usually time varying non-linear systems and their parameters vary, adaptive controllers are very suitable for power systems. Characteristics of a...

We consider a modification of TCP congestion control in which the congestion window is adapted to explicit bottleneck rate feedback; we call this RATCP (Rate Adaptive TCP). Our goal in this paper is to study the performance of RATCP (using analytical models, and an experimental test-bed) in various network scenarios, and to compare the performance of RATCP and TCP, both with and without fast-re...

in this paper, an adaptive fuzzy control scheme is proposed for a class of perturbed strict-feedback nonlinear systems with unknown discrete and distributed time-varying delays, and the proposed design method does not require a priori knowledge of the signs of the control gains.based on the backstepping technique, the adaptive fuzzy controller is constructed. the main contributions of the paper...

in recent years, underactuated nonlinear dynamic systems trajectory tracking, such as space robots and manipulators with structural flexibility, has become a major field of interest due to the complexity and high computational load of these systems. hierarchical sliding mode control has been investigated recently for these systems; however, the instability phenomena will possibly occur, especia...

This paper presents new adaptive H:263þ rate control algorithms for video streaming and interactive video applications under networks supporting bandwidth renegotiation, which can communicate with end-users to accommodate their time-varying bandwidth requests during the data transmission. That is, the requests of end-users can be supported adaptively according to the availability of the network...