To learn how the endogenous polyphenols may play a role in fruit ripening and senescence, apple pulp discs were used as a model to study the influences of chlorogenic acid (CHA, a major polyphenol in apple pulp) on fruit ripening and senescence. Apple ('Golden Delicious') pulp discs prepared from pre-climacteric fruit were treated with 50 mg L(-1) CHA and incubated in flasks with 10 mM MES buff...

Even though a lot of research has been carried out concerning the preparation of carbonate apatite (CHA), they were related to CHA in the form of powder. In the present study, macroporous CHA bone substitutes were prepared through composition-transformation of gypsum and Ca-hydroxide. Here, we investigated the effect of added Ca-hydroxide to gypsum, carbonation periods, and hydrothermal tempera...

Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are putative preneoplastic lesions of colon cancer which are being utilized currently as a biological end point to evaluate the induction and modulation of colon carcinogenesis. In several previous short-term studies, the unexpected reduction of ACF by the reported colonic tumor promoter cholic acid (CHA) emphasized the need for a systematic evaluation of the growth of...

Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are putative preneoplastic lesions of colon cancer which are being utilized currently as a biological end point to evaluate the induction and modulation of colon carcinogenesis. In several previous short-term studies, the unexpected reduction of ACF by the reported colonic tumor promoter cholic acid (CHA) emphasized the need for a systematic evaluation of the growth of...

BACKGROUND We sought to examine the relationship between child specific health aid (CHA) and burden of disease. Based on existing evidence, we hypothesized that foreign aid for child health would not be proportional to burden of disease. METHODS In order to examine CHA and burden of disease, we obtained estimates of these parameters from established sources. Estimates of disability adjusted l...

We obtained medium-resolution spectra of the bonafide brown dwarf Cha Hα 1, the five brown dwarf candidates Cha Hα 2 to 6, two additional late M-type brown dwarf candidates, all originally selected by Hα emission, and four previously known T Tauri stars, all located in Chamaeleon I. The spectral types of our targets range down to M8. We show their spectra and also list their IJK magnitudes from...

Catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) is one of the most promising nucleic acid amplification circuits based on toehold-mediated strand exchange reactions. But its performance is usually ruined by fluctuated environmental temperatures or unexpected self-structures existing in most real-world targets. Here we present an amide-assistant mechanism that successfully reduces the prevalence of these probl...

Charge hydration asymmetry (CHA) manifests itself in the experimentally observed strong dependence of free energy of ion hydration on the sign of the ion charge. This asymmetry is not consistently accounted for by popular models of solvation; its magnitude varies greatly between the models. While it is clear that CHA is somehow related to charge distribution within a water molecule, the exact n...

Previously, we demonstrated that feeding rats a diet containing 0.2% cholic acid (CHA-diet) resulted in the elimination or remodelling of a number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in their primal stages (1-3 crypts/focus). The present investigation was conducted to determine if ACF with advanced growth features will respond differently than their primal counterparts to the CHA-diet. Sprague-Dawley ...

Objective Biocompatible materials such as interconnected porous hydroxyapatite ceramics (IP-CHA) loaded with osteogenic cells and bioactive agents are part of an evolving concept for overcoming craniofacial defects by use of artificial bone tissue regeneration. Amongst the bioactive agents, melatonin (MEL) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) have been independently reported to induce ost...