Effects of adenosine (Ado) and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) on the membrane potential and synaptic transmission in neurons of the rat locus coeruleus (LC) were examined, in vitro. Ado (30-300 microM) produced a hyperpolarizing response and inhibited spontaneous firing activity in neurons of the rat LC. Ado decreased input resistance of LC neurons. The Ado-induced hyperpolarization reversed p...

We have been using lysed cell models of teleost retinal cones to examine the mechanism of contraction in nonmuscle cells. We have previously reported that dark-adapted retinas can be lysed with the detergent Brij-58 to obtain cone motile models that undergo Ca++- and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent reactivated contraction. In this report we further dissect the roles of ATP and Ca++ in ac...

Scope Pro-inflammatory stimuli such as hyperglycemia and cytokines have been shown to negatively affect endothelial cell functions. The aim of this study is assess the potential quercetin its human metabolites overcome deleterious effects hyperglycemic or inflammatory conditions on vascular endothelium by modulating metabolism. Methods results A metabolomics approach enabled identification quan...

PI3K: Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase; Akt or PKB: Protein Kinase B; cAMP: Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate; NFκB: Nuclear Factor Kappa B; APC: Adenomatous Polyposis Coli; GEO: Gene Expression Omnibus; GI: Gastrointestinal; EGFR: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor; HER2: Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2; AURKA: Aurora kinase A; IP3: Inositol Triphosphate; PLC: Phospho...

Nucleotides and nucleosides-such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine-are famous for their intracellular roles as building blocks for the genetic code or cellular energy currencies. In contrast, their function in the extracellular space is different. Here, they are primarily known as signaling molecules via activation of purinergic receptors, classified as P1 receptors for adenosine or...

Cancer-related sarcopenia is associated with impaired energy metabolism and increased oxidative stress production in skeletal muscles. With an aim to treat cancer-related using dietary intervention, we investigated the effects of vitamin B2 (VB2) E (VE), which are recognized have antioxidant effects, on CT26 mouse colon cancer cells muscles vitro vivo. VB2 suppressed tumor growth by suppressing...

The authors have studied the acute effects of the intravenous and intia-arterial injection of the sodium salt of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in man. Rapid injection causes a frightening sensation in the chest and hYperpnea. The changes found agree with those reported in cats and are consistent with the concept that adenosine triphosphate is a vasodilator in somatic structures but causes an inc...

ATP citrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.8) has been found in crude extracts from endosperm tissue of germinating castor bean and shows its maximum activity in 4- to 5-day-old seedlings. A strict requirement for coenzyme A and adenosine 5'-triphosphate was demonstrated. The pH optimum for the reaction is around 7.5. The unstable enzyme can be stabilized by freezing and addition of citrate and glycerol. (-)-...

1. Extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) activated an early excitatory conductance followed by a late potassium conductance in developing chick skeletal muscle. A series of ATP analogues were tested for their ability to activate these two conductances. All compounds tested were either agonists for both responses or for neither. Furthermore, the potency of agonists was similar for the tw...