A physically based duality theory for first order elliptic systems is shorn to be of central importance in connection with the Galerkin finite element solution of these systems. Using this theory in conjunction with a certain hypothesis concerning approximation spaces, optimal error estimates for Galerkin type approximations are demonstrated. An example of a grid which satisfies the hypothesis ...

The multifaceted industrial application of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) has increased, enabling tight interactions between physical and computational elements. Industry 4.0 aims to promote CPSs. asset administration shell (AAS) represents the practical embodiment CPS, can be obtained by integrating information communication technologies. Most prior studies concentrated on AASs for hardware ass...

administration of endotracheal surfactant is potentially the main treatment for neonates suffering from rds (respiratory distress syndrome), which is followed by mechanical ventilation. late and severe complications may develop as a consequence of using mechanical ventilation. in this study, conventional methods for treatment of rds are compared with surfactant administration, use of mechanical...