The ability to respond to stress is at the core of an organism's survival. The hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine play a central role in stress responses in mammals, which require the synchronized interaction of the whole neuroendocrine system. Mammalian adrenergic receptors are G-coupled protein receptors (GPCRs); bacteria, however, sense these hormones through histidine sensor kinases (H...

The role of central nervous system in the regulation of glucose homeostasis has been recognized for more than a century. Research in this regard till now strongly supported a close relation between catecholamines and glucose homeostasis. Recent studies done by many authors reveals several interesting aspects on regulation of pancreatic secretion by CNS. Ho et al., (1995) demonstrated that reduc...

The sympathetic nervous system has an important effect on the strength of myocardial contraction which is mediated through beta-adrenergic receptors (Ahlquist, 1948), and the administration of a selective beta-adrenergic blocking agent such as propranolol might be expected to reduce myocardial contractility in patients who have a high sympathetic tone. There is evidence that patients in heart f...

Topical treatment of the rabbit eye with three successive doses of 2% epinephrine resulted in attenuation of the in vitro drug response of the alpharadrenoceptor-mediated phosphoinositide hydrolysis system and of ai-adrenergic receptor-mediated contraction in the iris. In contrast, sympathetic denervation of the eye resulted in potentiation of these responses. Desensitized tissues showed a sign...

Nozik-Grayck, Eva, Erin J. Whalen, Jonathan S. Stamler, Timothy J. McMahon, Pasquale Chitano, and Claude A. Piantadosi. S-nitrosoglutathione inhibits 1-adrenergic receptor-mediated vasoconstriction and ligand binding in pulmonary artery. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 290: L136–L143, 2006. First published August 26, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajplung.00230.2005.—Endogenous nitric oxide donor compoun...

A B S T R A C T The effect of beta adrenergic stimulation on renal-diluting capacity was examined in the dog. Beta adrenergic stimulation with intravenous isoproterenol significantly increased urinary osmolality (Uo.m) and decreased free water clearance (CH:}O), and these effects were rapidly reversible with cessation of the infusion. This antidiuretic effect of systemic beta adrenergic stimula...

In the rat, activation of alpha2-adrenergic receptors in the anterior hypothalamic nucleus inhibits sympathetic nervous system activity. Furthermore, local release of atrial natriuretic peptide inhibits norepinephrine release in this nucleus, blocking local activation of alpha2-adrenergic receptors, and thereby contributes to NaCl-sensitive hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. To fu...

Supiano, Mark A., Robert V. Hogikyan, Mohamad A. Sidani, Andrzej T. Galecki, and Jodi L. Krueger. Sympathetic nervous system activity and a-adrenergic responsiveness in older hypertensive humans. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Endocrinol. Metab. 39): E519–E528, 1999.—We have previously demonstrated in normotensive humans an age-associated increase in sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity combined wit...

Cancer is the leading cause of death in the USA, and the incidence of cancer increases dramatically with age. Beta-adrenergic blockers appear to have a beneficial clinical effect in cancer patients. In this paper, we review the evidence of an association between β-adrenergic blockade and cancer. Genetic studies have provided the opportunity to determine which proteins link β-adrenergic blockade...

The purpose of this study was to investigate sex differences in the functional response of isolated rat heart ventricular myocytes to beta-adrenergic stimulation and in isoproterenol-stimulated signal transduction. Fractional shortening was measured using a video edge-detection system in control- and isoproterenol-stimulated myocytes that had been isolated from weight-matched rats. Number and a...