BACKGROUND The popularization of anonymous markets such as Silk Road is challenging current drug policy and may provide a new context for old issues, such as adulteration of heroin with fentanyl derivatives. The aims of this paper are to report the presence of ocfentanil, a novel, potent, non-controlled fentanyl analog, in samples sold as heroin in the hidden web, and to summarize the effects r...

Caffeine is the world's most popular psychostimulant and is frequently used as an active adulterant in many illicit drugs including cocaine. Previous studies have shown that caffeine can potentiate the stimulant effects of cocaine and cocaine-induced drug seeking behavior. However, little is known about the effects of this drug combination on reward-related learning, a key process in the mainte...

Animal species detection is one of the crucial steps for consumer’s food analysis. In the present study we developed an in-house built loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid detection of adulterated cow DNA in goat milk/meat samples. The cow milk/tissue DNA in goat milk/meat samples were identified in the developed LAMP assay by either naked eye visualizing with SYBR Gree...

Background: In the production of instant pepper powder, some manufacturers add adulterants to powder. Objective: This study aimed detect presence corn added in white products market. Method: The TLC Fingerprint analysis was used. Fingerprints were made using from three regions Indonesia: Tasikmalaya, Kalimantan, and Bangka. used as adulterant came West Java, Central Kalimantan. Extraction carri...

The Phomopsis is a genus of imperfect plant pathogenic fungus whose hosts comprise several species in different regions of the world, such as grapes, soybean, acacia, hollyhock, velvetleaf, and several other plants. In this study, samples collected from hollyhock, velvetleaf, purple bauhinia, and acacia plants suspected to be infected with Phomopsis fungi. Samples were culture...

Coffee authenticity is a foundational aspect of quality when considering coffee's market value. This has become important given frequent adulteration and mislabelling for economic gains. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the ability deep autoencoder neural network detect adulterants in roasted coffee determine geographical origin (roasted) using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Ara...

For this reason, there is signifi cant interest in rapid, easy to use analytical methods that can detect if milk is adulterated and then measure the levels of the adulterants in milk. In a recent publication [1], researchers measured adulterants in milk in the laboratory using the Agilent Cary 630 FTIR spectrometer and showed that the mid FTIR system is superior to NIR spectroscopy for these de...

The quality control of honey is very important for the food industry and final consumer. Honey has constantly been target adulteration, usually with aim illegally increasing profit. However, analytical methods used in fraud investigation sometimes are complex beyond time-consuming. Electrical measurements appear as a good alternative to traditional analysis due its practicality low costs. In or...