the effects of unleaded gasoline and unleaded gasoline–ethanol blends on engine performance and pollutant emissions were investigated experimentally in a single cylinder, four-stroke spark-ignition engine with variable engine speeds (2600–3500 rpm). four different blends on a volume basis were applied. these are e0 (0% ethanol + 100% unleaded gasoline), e3 (3% ethanol + 97% unleaded gasoline), ...

hydrogen is seen as one of the important energy carriers of the future with potential to reduce local as well as global warming. the main by-product of the combustion of hydrogen in air is water vapor and trace quantities of oxides of nitrogen. an experiment was conducted to study the impact of hydrogen/natural gas blends on performance, thermodynamic efficiency and exhaust gas emissions in a r...

The market needs for increased engine efficiency and environmentally friendly solutions remain the key drivers aerospace industry. These gains will be achieved by meeting challenges of higher operating temperatures, weight reduction, novel surface component longevity. A critical question to address is if thermal spray (TS) industry can continue meet demands seen airlines manufacturers. In addit...

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is of interest to the aerospace community, notably for its application as a thermal barrier coating for turbine engine components. In such an application, diffusion of both oxygen ions and cations is of concern. Oxygen diffusion can lead to deterioration of a coated part, and often necessitates an environmental barrier coating. Cation diffusion in YSZ is much sl...

Abstract Titanium alloys are widely used in the aerospace industry, yet oxygen ingress can severely degrade mechanical properties of titanium alloy components. Atom probe tomography (APT), electron microanalysis (EPMA) and nanoindentation were to characterise oxygen-rich layer on an in-service jet engine compressor disc, manufactured from TIMETAL 834. Oxygen was quantified related changes throu...

Residual stresses are one of the main factors determining failure aircraft engine materials. It is not possible to reliably and accurately predict remaining service life components without properly accounting for presence residual stresses. The absolute level spatial distribution stress uncertain in engines because profile highly susceptible variations manufacturing process. In addition, keep e...