OBJECTIVE The boundary between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and bipolar disorder (BD) is a controversial subject. Clinically, it can be difficult to diagnose patients who present with both affective instability and impulsivity. This paper reviews concepts and challenges related to the overlap of these disorders. METHODS A Medline search was conducted, using the key words borderline p...

The broad construct of empathy incorporates both cognitive and affective dimensions. Recent evidence suggests that the subjects with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) show a significant impairment in empathic ability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cognitive and affective components of empathy in adolescents with ASD compared to controls. Fifteen adolescents with ASD and 15 controls u...

One aspect of higher order social cognition is empathy, a psychological construct comprising a cognitive (recognizing emotions) and an affective (responding to emotions) component. The complex nature of empathy complicates the accurate measurement of these components. The most widely used measure of empathy is the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). However, the factor structure of the IRI as...

Affective style is an individual difference variable that refers to tendencies for regulating emotions. The emotion research literature has consistently identified three general strategies to handle emotional reactions: some strategies are aimed at re-adjusting affect to adapt successfully to situational demands; other strategies intend to conceal or suppress affect; and a third approach is to ...

Humans skillfully reason about others' emotions, a phenomenon we term affective cognition. Despite its importance, few formal, quantitative theories have described the mechanisms supporting this phenomenon. We propose that affective cognition involves applying domain-general reasoning processes to domain-specific content knowledge. Observers' knowledge about emotions is represented in rich and ...

I study dynamic games where players may be unaware of some fundamentals of the game itself, such as actions or players, and such unawareness may be lifted by other players’ actions during the play. Based on Li (2006a, 2006b), I propose a framework to deal with such games using standard tools of game theory. I construct examples to show that unawareness is distinctly different from assigning zer...

Humble leadership behavior consists of acknowledging personal faults, mistakes and limits; spotlighting their followers’ contributions and strengths; modeling teachability. Previous studies have suggested that humble leadership behavior leads to a number of positive outcomes for organizations, such as high levels of learning goal orientation, performance and engagement, yet almost nothing has b...

The complexity and ambiguity of Utopia make it a disputed concept in the academic field, resulting an increasing need to redefine it. From perspective Cognitive-schematic theory, could be defined as adaptive mechanism triggered by lack sense security. Such is effect cognitive-affective schema within which individual construct idealized time-space, social relations, identity alternative values. ...

Alexithymia is a psychological construct that can be divided into a cognitive and affective dimension. The cognitive dimension is characterized by difficulties in identifying, verbalizing and analysing feelings. The affective dimension comprises reduced levels of emotional experience and imagination. Alexithymia is widely regarded to arise from an impairment of emotion regulation. This is the f...

The construct validity of the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (sfGDS) has been assessed in selected populations. The aim of this study was to assess the appropriateness of applying the sfGDS to unselected older inpatients. The main component analysis of sfGDS was performed in 2032 medical inpatients (mean age = 76.3 +/- 8.4). sfGDS did not qualify as a unidimensional test. Three factors expl...