We investigate and quantify the relationship between agricultural commodities ocean-going freight rates, using a weekly dataset from 2010 to 2019 Vector Error Correction Methodology. The results are firstly supportive of view that vessel classes highly interconnected, secondly confirm commodity prices can have strong impact on rates across most classes. For in which no is registered possibility...

Toxigenic Aspergillus flavus is a primary producer of aflatoxin in Indonesia, and its presence can lead to the contamination agricultural commodities. This poses risk export-targeted commodities, potentially resulting their rejection. Therefore, this study aims characterize molecular profile nativeA. isolated from several Indonesian products, with major focus on toxigenicity toxin production. A...

Food and agricultural commodity value chains in developing and transition countries have undergone tremendous changes in the past decades. Companies and property rights have been privatized, markets liberalized, and economies integrated into global food systems. The liberalization and privatization initially caused the collapse of statecontrolled vertical integration. More recently, private ver...

Agriculture is a major part of sub-Saharan Africa’s economy, but its expansion poses significant threats to great ape habitats and forests. The sector accounts for nearly onequarter of the continent’s gross domestic product (GDP) and, in one way or another, it employs nearly two-thirds of its labor force (UNECA, 2013, 2014). The production of agricultural commodities—for both subsistence and ex...

Agriculture is a major part of sub-Saharan Africa’s economy, but its expansion poses significant threats to great ape habitats and forests. The sector accounts for nearly onequarter of the continent’s gross domestic product (GDP) and, in one way or another, it employs nearly two-thirds of its labor force (UNECA, 2013, 2014). The production of agricultural commodities—for both subsistence and ex...

Higher weather volatility may be reflected in higher incidences of weather shocks. Weather shocks could potentially affect the supply of agricultural commodities and their prices. In this study, the effects of weather shocks on agricultural commodity prices in Central Asia are investigated at the provincial scale using monthly data for the period of 2000-2010. The study uses an innovative estim...