Compared to other melon types, Cantaloupe Charentais melons are highly aromatic with a major contribution to the aroma being made by aliphatic and branched esters. Using a transgenic line in which the synthesis of the plant hormone ethylene has been considerably lowered by antisense ACC oxidase mRNA (AS), the aliphatic ester pathway steps at which ethylene exerts its regulatory role were found....

The molecular composition of water-soluble lignins isolated from four non-food bioenergy crops (cardoon CAR, eucalyptus EUC, and two black poplars RIP and LIM) was characterized in detail, and their potential bioactivity towards maize germination and early growth evaluated. Lignins were found to not affect seed germination rates, but stimulated the maize seedling development, though to a differ...

Reaction of fatty acids, fatty alcohols, alkanes, sterols, sterol esters and triglycerides with the so-called aromatic peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerita was investigated using GC-MS. Regioselective hydroxylation of C(12)-C(20) saturated/unsaturated fatty acids was observed at the ω-1 and ω-2 positions (except myristoleic acid only forming the ω-2 derivative). Minor hydroxylation at ω and ω-3 ...

One of the fundamental contributing factors, essential in folding of a linear chain of amino acids into a three dimensional protein structure is hydrophobicity and this information for protein to fold into specific geometry lies with the primary sequence itself. Thus, mapping of the hydrophobic amino acids in a protein molecule often provide ideas about the folding patterns, secondary structura...

Studies have been carried out, using the toad bladder, to determine the influence of pH on the permeability coefficients (K(trans)) of the non-ionic species of (a) a series of aliphatic acids ranging from propionic to octanoic and (b) the aromatic acids, benzoic and acetylsalicylic. The data demonstrate that as the acidity of the mucosal bathing solution is increased by changing pH from 6 to 4,...

The cuticle is a complex aliphatic polymeric layer connected to the cell wall and covers surfaces of all aerial plant organs. The cuticle prevents nonstomatal water loss, regulates gas exchange, and acts as a barrier against pathogen infection. The cuticle is synthesized by epidermal cells and predominantly consists of an aliphatic polymer matrix (cutin) and intracuticular and epicuticular waxe...

A transaminase (aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1) fraction was partially purified from shoot tips of pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) seedlings. With alpha-ketoglutarate as co-substrate, the enzyme transaminated the following aromatic amino acids: d,l-tryptophan, d,l-tyrosine, and d,l-phenylalanine, as well as the following aliphatic amino acids: d,l-alanine, d,l-methionine, and d,l-leucine. Of othe...

The direct conversion of aliphatic carboxylic acids to the corresponding alkyl fluorides has been achieved via visible light-promoted photoredox catalysis. This operationally simple, redox-neutral fluorination method is amenable to a wide variety of carboxylic acids. Photon-induced oxidation of carboxylates leads to the formation of carboxyl radicals, which upon rapid CO2-extrusion and F(•) tra...

Three aliphatic tricarboxylic acids have been found in rat urine. They have been identified as 6-carboxy-5-undecenedioic acid, 6-carboxy-5-dodecenedoic acid, and 6-carboxy-5-tridecenedioic acid. The carbon skeleton structure was determined by mass spectra of the hydrogenated methyl esters. The double bond position was determined after osmium tetroxide oxidation followed by trifluoroacetylation ...

Polyfluoroarenes are useful building blocks in several areas such as drug discovery, materials, and crop protection. Herein, we report the first polyfluoroarylation of aliphatic carboxylic acids via photoredox decarboxylation. The method proceeds with broad substrate scope high functional group tolerance. Moreover, small complex molecules natural products drugs can be modified by late-stage mod...