We investigate an automobile supply chain where a manufacturer and a retailer serve heterogeneous consumers with electric vehicles (EVs) under a government’s price-discount incentive scheme that involves a price discount rate and a subsidy ceiling. We show that the subsidy ceiling is more effective in influencing the optimal wholesale pricing decision of the manufacturer with a higher unit prod...

Indeed, optio is Weaver who is credited with the origin of the term molecular biology in 1938. Development of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone neurones.

ROPONENTS of legislation to induce or require more banks to be members of the Federal Reserve System often argue that the existence of nonmember commercial banks creates problems for the conduct of monetary policy. Two of the most frequently mentioned of these problems are: First, the ratio of net demand deposits to bank reserves may become more variable as nonmember banks have a larger share o...

A discounted-sum automaton (NDA) is a nondeterministic finite automaton with edge weights, valuing a run by the discounted sum of visited edge weights. More precisely, the weight in the i-th position of the run is divided by λ, where the discount factor λ is a fixed rational number greater than 1. The value of a word is the minimal value of the automaton runs on it. Discounted summation is a co...

Poor individuals often exhibit higher discount rates than richer individuals, and negative income shocks have been linked to increases in discounting. However, it remains unknown whether this effect is causal, and whether is due to beliefs or preferences: increases in discount rates in poverty or after negative income shocks could either be due to (beliefs about) more severe environmental const...

While many studies document that the market risk premium is predictable and that betas are not constant, the dividend discount model ignores time-varying risk premiums and betas. We develop a model to consistently value cashflows with changing risk-free rates, predictable risk premiums, and conditional betas in the context of a conditional CAPM. Practical valuation is accomplished with an analy...

This study presents some evidence of discount rate selection on goodwill impairment testing under the new requirements of FRS 36. The selection of discount rates is believed to be an important key factor that affects the outcome of impairment assessment, especially when using the method of value in use. This study objectively examines the Singapore listed firm’s selection of discount rates disc...

OBJECTIVES To examine the efficacy of alternative approaches for shifting consumers toward zero calorie beverages. We examined the effect of price discounts and novel presentations of calorie information on sales of beverages. METHODS This prospective interrupted time-series quasi-experiment included three sites in Philadelphia, PA, Evanston, IL, and Detroit, MI. Each site received five inter...

Most empirical and theoretical econometric studies of dynamic discrete choice models assume the discount factor to be known. We show the knowledge of the discount factor is not necessary to identify parts, or even all, of the payoff function. We show the discount factor can be generically identified jointly with the payoff parameters. On the other hand it is known the payoff function cannot be ...