A design methodology for implementing fast, easily testable arithmetic-logic units (ALU’s) is presented. Here, we describe a set of fast adder designs, which are testable with a test set that has either ( ) complexity (Lin-testable) or (1) complexity (C-testable), where is the input operand size of the ALU. The various levels of testability are achieved by exploiting some inherent properties of...

Highly repetitive DNA sequences account for more than 50% of the human genome. The L1 and Alu families harbor the most common mammalian long and short interspersed elements. An Alu element is a dimer of similar, but not identical, fragments of total size about 300 bp, and originates from the 7SL RNA gene. Each element contains a bipartite promoter for RNA polymerase III, a poly(A) tract located...

More than one million copies of the approximately 300-bp Alu element are interspersed throughout the human genome, with up to 75% of all known genes having Alu insertions within their introns and/or UTRs. Transcribed Alu sequences can alter splicing patterns by generating new exons, but other impacts of intragenic Alu elements on their host RNA are largely unexplored. Recently, repeat elements ...

Alu-PCR is a relatively simple technique that can be used to investigate genomic instability in cancer. This technique allows identification of the loss, gain or amplification of gene sequences based on the analysis of segments between two Alu elements coupled with quantitative and qualitative analyses of the profiles obtained from tumor samples, surgical margins and blood. In this work, we use...

CGGBP1 (CGG triplet repeat-binding protein 1) regulates cell proliferation, stress response, cytokinesis, telomeric integrity and transcription. It could affect these processes by modulating target gene expression under different conditions. Identification of CGGBP1-target genes and their regulation could reveal how a transcription regulator affects such diverse cellular processes. Here we desc...

Squirrel monkeys, Saimiri, are commonly found in zoological parks and used in biomedical research. S. boliviensis is the most common species for research; however, there is little information about genome evolution within this primate lineage. Here, we reconstruct the Alu element sequence amplification and evolution in the genus Saimiri at the time of divergence within the family Cebidae lineag...

The human rDNA tandem repeat consists of 13.3 kb of transcribed sequence and about 30 kb of intergenic spacer of unknown function. For descriptive purposes, it is convenient to divide the ribosomal repeat into 4 EcoRI fragments, A D . The C fragment contains only intergenic spacer sequences, and ends some 500 bp upstream of the ribosomal RNA promoter. We had previously described the terminal Ba...

Ancient Alu elements have been shown to be included in mature transcripts by point mutations that improve their 50 or 30 splice sites. We have examined requirements for exonization of a younger, diseaseassociated AluYa5 in intron 16 of the human ACE gene. A single G.C transversion in position 3 of the new Alu exon was insufficient for Alu exonization and a significant inclusion in mRNA was only...

Inactivation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene is a common finding in human cancer. In most cases, inactivation is due to a point mutation in the gene, but rearrangement of the p53 gene is sometimes observed. We analyzed the inactivation of p53 in the human pancreas cancer cell line Hs766T, which harbors a structural alteration in the p53 gene. This inactivation was found to be the result of a c...

This paper explains the design and implementation of 8-bit ALU (arithmetic and logic unit) using VHDL by using mixed style of modeling in Xilinx ISE 8.1i. The ALU takes two8-bits numbers and performs different principal arithmetic and logic operations like addition, multiplication, logical AND, OR, XOR, XNOR, NOR. The major focus of concern in this ALU is the multiplication operation using radi...