Adjuvants such as the aluminum compounds (alum) have been dominantly used in many vaccines due to their immunopotentiation and safety records since 1920s. However, how these mineral agents influence the immune response to vaccination remains elusive. Many hypotheses exist as to the mode of action of these adjuvants, such as depot formation, antigen (Ag) targeting, and the induction of inflammat...

BACKGROUND Long-term biodistribution of nanomaterials used in medicine is largely unknown. This is the case for alum, the most widely used vaccine adjuvant, which is a nanocrystalline compound spontaneously forming micron/submicron-sized agglomerates. Although generally well tolerated, alum is occasionally detected within monocyte-lineage cells long after immunization in presumably susceptible ...

Prior studies have examined the ability of Moringa oleifera (MO) seed extract, among other natural coagulants, to remove several types dyes. MO has been proven a high capacity some anionic The aim present study is explore possible use aqueous and saline extracts as biocoagulants for removal Mordant Black (MB11) from solution. Their performances were compared that aluminum sulfate (alum). To do ...

background controlling parenchymal hemorrhage especially in liver parenchyma, despite the progress in surgical science, is still one of the challenges that surgeons face when trying to save patients’ lives. researchers in the field are challenging to introduce a more effective method. objectives the current study aimed to determine the haemostatic effect of alum [kal (so4)2] and compare it with...

background: canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) is not only an emerging veterinary concern but also a public health threat in endemic areas. the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of two doses of aluminum hydroxide (alum) precipitated leishmania major (alum-alm) mixed with bcg plus imiquimod against cvl. methods: a total of 560 ownership dogs were serologica...

Application of natural dyes in textile coloring has been widely used because it is more environmentally friendly than synthetic and able to produce various colors from one dye. In this study, cotton fabric was treated with chitosan at different concentrations (0, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%) determine its effect on the color fastness using mango leaves extract as dyes. Fastness ironing, washing sun drying ...

BACKGROUND Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common painful ulcers of oral mucosal which can cause many sufferings. Treatment of RAS often includes administration of corticosteroids, analgesics and regulators of the immune system. However, considering the side effects of these medications, even their topical application must be done with caution. Alum is used in traditional medici...

Immunization is key to preventing infectious diseases, a leading cause of death early in life. However, due to age-specific immunity, vaccines often demonstrate reduced efficacy in newborns and young infants as compared to adults. Here, we combined in vitro and in vivo approaches to identify adjuvant candidates for early life immunization. We employed newborn and adult bone marrow-derived dendr...

Pruritus is the major symptom of ocular allergy but currently available treatments are often ineffective. Previous studies demonstrated that subpopulations of primary sensory neurons express Fc receptors and may contribute to antigen-specific pain. We investigated the role of neuronal Fc-epsilon Receptor I (FcεRI) in allergic ocular pruritus. Ovalbumin (OVA) was used as allergen together with a...