Although polymer solar cells (PSCs) have received a tremendous amount of attention in recent years, a number of criteria must be met in order for them to be suitable as practical and commercially feasible power sources, including high performance, good air stability and inexpensive manufacturing. In this contribution, we determine the optimal top electrode for practical PSC fabrication by inves...

The key improvement of the corrosion resistance metals requires understanding and resolving electrochemical reactions involved at local scale. Here, we present use pumped-micropipette delivery/substrate collection (Pumped-MD/SC) mode scanning microscopy (SECM) to monitor oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) during an Aluminum (Al) / Copper (Cu) galvanic coupled electrode, a model system copper-rich ...

The influence of X-ray resonant Raman scattering on the detection capabilities of copper(II) tetrasulphonated phthalocyanine (CuTSPc) thinfilms on gold electrodes has been investigated by means of synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence. In particular the paper focuses on the influence of the excitation energy in the relative narrow energy region of 9.2 to 11.7 keVon the detection limits and t...

A variable order kinetic (VOK) model derived from the Langmuir equation was applied to specify the kinetics of the fluoride removal reaction for electrocoagulation (EC). Synthetic solutions were employed to elucidate the effects of the initial fluoride concentration, the applied current and the initial acidity on the simulation results of the model. The proposed model successfully describes the...

In this study, the electrocoagulation process was evaluated as a pretreatment process for olive mill wastewaters. Aluminium (Al) and iron (Fe) electrodes, several contact times and 0.5, 1 and 2 A currents were used to compare chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies for each case. The optimum contact time and current were 45 minutes and 1 A, respectively, which resulted in a COD remova...

The decolourization ofmelanoidins was studied with a batch electrocoagulation (EC) process using aluminium electrodes. The effects of conductivity (K = 500-3000 microS/cm), initial pHi (4.2-8.2), current density (j = 2.5-7.5 A/m2), initial melanoidin concentration (C0 = 100-800 mg/L) and operating time (tEC = 0-60 min) were investigated on the decolourization efficiency. The results obtained fr...

Silicon nanowires assembled from clusters or etched from the bulk, connected to aluminum electrodes and passivated, are studied with large-scale local-density-functional simulations. Short ( approximately 0.6 nm) wires are fully metallized by metal-induced gap states resulting in finite conductance ( approximately e(2)/h). For longer wires ( approximately 2.5 nm) nanoscale Schottky barriers dev...

This work aims at presenting a nanoparticle generation non-transportable facility in aerosol phase called “CAIMAN” (acronym for Characterization of Instruments Measuring Aerosols of Nanoparticles) and its performances. This facility delivers primary nanoaerosols from electrodes made of C, Al, Cu (and mixtures containing Be), Ag, Constantane (a mixture of Cu-55wt% and Ni-45wt%) particles at know...

To preserve environmental and human health, improved treatment processes are needed to reduce nutrients, microbes, and emerging chemical contaminants from domestic wastewater prior to discharge into the environment. Electrocoagulation (EC) treatment is increasingly used to treat industrial wastewater; however, this technology has not yet been thoroughly assessed for its potential to reduce conc...

A solution state polymer diode, which uses regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT):dichlorobenzene solution as the semiconductor between highly doped p-type silicon and aluminum electrodes has been built. Electrodes separated by a 40 nm gap enable intra-chain charge carrier transfer through the lengths of single polymer chains. This prevents chain to chain hopping and chain entangle...