Flooding induces low-oxygen stress, which reduces plant growth. The activity of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt is crucial for stress adaptation, in it acts by changing cytosolic pH, limiting reactive oxygen species production, regulating nitrogen metabolism, and bypassing steps tricarboxylic cycle. GABA accumulates under osmotic as well flooding stress. To clarify dynamic roles accumulati...

The influence of aging on the pharmacodynamics of anaesthetic agents in the central nervous system remains poorly understood. As alpha-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated neurotransmission appears to be an important target for anaesthetics in the brain, we hypothesized that aging could alter the sensitivity of the GABA carrier to anaesthetics. We have examined the effects of etomidate and propofo...

Post-embedding immunocytochemical techniques were used to assess distribution of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the guinea pig cristae ampullaris. GABA-like immunoreactivity (GABA-LIR) was found in the cytoplasm of both type I (HCI) and type II hair cells (HCII), in the afferent calyx (AC) contacting HCI and some myelinated fibers in the subjacent stroma. HCI and its calyceal contacts showed...

     Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important inhibitory transmitter in central nervous system and is involved in pathophysiology of epilepsy. Pentylenete-trazole (PTZ), a convulsant agent, partly acts via anion channel of GABAA receptor. Ivermectin, an antiparasitic agent and a GABAA agonist, has anticonvulsant effect in animal seizure models. Cholestasis increases ...

Objective(s): Many studies have focused on ventral tegmental area than of other mesocorticolimbic areas, and implicated a key role for the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in the development of addictive behaviors. So far, the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in the discriminative properties of morphine has received little attention and few studies evaluated the role of these rec...

Signal transmission through synapses connecting two neurons is mediated by release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic axon terminals and activation of its receptor at the postsynaptic neurons. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), non-protein amino acid formed by decarboxylation of glutamic acid, is a principal neurotransmitter at inhibitory synapses of vertebrate and invertebrate nervous system. O...

background: retinoic acid as one of the most important regulators for cell differentiation was examined in this study for differentiation of human umbilical mesenchymal cells (hucm). methods: after isolation, hucm were evaluated for mesenchymal stem cell properties by flow cytometry and alkaline phosphatase assay. also, doubling time of the cells and their differentiation potential into adipoge...

microscopy; kainic acid, (KA); lithium-pilocarpine, (LiPC); HS, hippocampal sclerosis; GABA, Gamma-aminobutyric acid; CNS, central nervous system; GER, granuler endoplasmic reticulum= rER, rough endoplasmic reticulum; DNA, deoksiribonucleic acid; RNA, ribonucleic acid; SE, status epilepticus; CA1, cornu ammons 1; CA2, cornu ammons 2; CA3, cornu ammons 3; GD, gyrus dentatus; DGC, dentate granule...

The localization of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)(B) receptors in the midbrain of the rat was examined in multiple labeling studies using antibodies directed against the GABA(B) receptor and either tryptophan hydroxylase or tyrosine hydroxylase. Almost all of the serotonergic and dopaminergic cell bodies in the midbrain displayed GABA(B) receptor-like immunoreactivity. Conversely, most neurons...

The uptake of 36Cl- into the fraction of membrane vesicles from rat and rabbit cortex and rabbit hippocampus was measured to investigate the selectivity of agonists and antagonists of inhibitory amino acid receptors coupled to chloride channels in the forebrain gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) produced a dose-dependent 36Cl- uptake into membrane vesicles, whereas glycine and taurine were ineffect...