This review will briefly summarize current knowledge on the basolateral ammonia transport mechanisms in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of the loop of Henle. This segment transports ammonia against a concentration gradient and is responsible for the accumulation of ammonia in the medullary interstitium, which, in turn, favors ammonia secretion across the collecting duct. Experimental data indica...

Glutamine synthetase (GS) catalyzes the recycling of NH4 (+) with glutamate to form glutamine. GS is highly expressed in the renal proximal tubule (PT), suggesting ammonia recycling via GS could decrease net ammoniagenesis and thereby limit ammonia available for net acid excretion. The purpose of the present study was to determine the role of PT GS in ammonia metabolism under basal conditions a...

The title compound, [Li(NH(3))(4)](+)[Li(NH(3))(3)S(3)](-), an ammo-niate of the previously unknown lithium tris-ulfide, was obtained from the reaction of lithium and sulfur in liquid ammonia. The asymmetric unit consists of two crystallographically independent formula units. The [Li(NH(3))(4)](+) cations are close to regular LiN(4) tetra-hedra. The anions contain LiSN(3) tetra-hedra; the S-S-S...

A solar absorption icemaker was designed. It is an intermittent system and uses Calcium Chloride and Ammonia as absorbent and refrigerant respectively. The single glazed collector/absorber/generator unit uses a plane glass sheet as the outer cover. Overall collector plate exposed area is 1.0m. A thermodynamic simulation of the icemaker has been performed in order to investigate the effect that ...

The values given in the literature for the ammonia content of the brain show wide variation (l-3). Most of these values are of doubtful reliability, since the methods of estimation have not generally taken into account the presence of labile acid amides such as glutamine, which are now known to occur in the brain and which easily liberate ammonia on treatment with alkalies under the conditions ...

We report laboratory experiments and modeling calculations investigating the effect of a hydrocarbon coating on ammonia ice spectral signatures. Observational evidence and thermochemical models indicate an abundance of ammonia ice clouds in Jupiter’s atmosphere. However, spectrally identifiable ammonia ice clouds are found covering less than 1% of Jupiter’s atmosphere, notably in areas of stron...

odor emission is a common environmental problem in septic tank. the feasibility of using trickling filter to eliminate the malodorous gases from the septic tank was studied. a trickling filter is set up at the outlet of the waste gases of the septic tank, which was attached to the university's cafeteria. in this investigation, the trickling filter system was used, measuring the hydrogen sulfide...

rumen is a persistent and specific ecosystem consists of bacteria, protozoa and fungus where feed fermentation takes place in it. produced hydrogen in rumen can be used in the synthesis of the volatile fatty acids and the microbial protein and its excess would be eliminated through the production of methane by methanogenesis. nutritionists have tried to find ways to decrease loss and energy and...

By means of carefully devised assumptions, a simple linear model is presented for an absorption refrigeration unit employing either water-lithium bromide or ammonia-water refrigerant-absorbent pairs. Absorption systems are an alternative to vapour compression systems by being thermally activated. Such heat energy may come from the sun or even from hot exhaust gases from a particular engineering...

The role of the gastrointestinal tract as a major source of blood ammonia has been extensively studied in animals and in patients with liver disease. Less information is available concerning the relative contribution to the blood ammonia by other organs, such as muscle, liver, brain and kidney, which are known to be concerned with ammonia metabolism (1). The renal release of ammonia into the sy...