Background: While there have been extensive studies of the amplitude of accommodation (AA) in adults, estimates of AA from studies in children between 5 and 10 years of age vary widely with some of the data being contradictory. Further, since values of AA are used for the diagnosis of several conditions including accommodative insufficiency (AI), it is important to able to compare clinical find...

PURPOSE To determine if human accommodation uses the eye's own monochromatic aberrations to track dynamic accommodative stimuli. METHODS Wavefront aberrations were measured while subjects monocularly viewed a monochromatic Maltese cross moving sinusoidally around 2D of accommodative demand with 1D amplitude at 0.2 Hz. The amplitude and phase (delay) of the accommodation response were compared...

PURPOSE We investigated the dynamic response of human accommodative elements as a function of age during accommodation using synchronized spectral domain optical coherence tomography devices (SD-OCT). METHODS We enrolled 33 left eyes from 33 healthy subjects (age range, 20-39 years, 17 males and 16 females). Two SD-OCT devices were synchronized to simultaneously image the anterior segment thr...

PURPOSE To determine how surgically altering the normal relationship between the lens and the ciliary body in rhesus monkeys affects centripetal ciliary body and lens movement. METHODS In 18 rhesus monkey eyes (aged 6-27 years), accommodation was induced before and after surgery by electrical stimulation of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus. Accommodative amplitude was measured by coincidence refr...

In spite of the clarification of some significant physiological factors of visual fatigue caused by VDT work, pupillary reflexes have not been studied as to how they are affected after prolonged visual work. This study examined visual function changes objectively in terms of pupillary reflexes and lens accommodative responses after a 4-hr VDT operation task. The relationship between the two fun...

BACKGROUND Proximal stomach by virtue of its property of accommodation acts as a reservoir for the ingested food, but its role in emptying and the factors modulating it remain unexplored. AIM To assess the effects of distension and of feeding on proximal gastric tone. SUBJECTS 14 healthy volunteers with no current or past history of any gastro-intestinal symptoms. METHODS Isobaric changes...

The refractive power and axial dimensions of the eye were measured under resting and fully accommodated conditions in 123 caged rhesus monkeys ranging in age from 0.5 to greater than 30 years. The mean resting refraction measured under ketamine anesthesia was -5 diopters. Accommodative amplitude, calculated as the difference between resting refraction and the most negative refraction measured 0...

The purpose of the present study was to assess the occurrence of visual dysfunctions and associated symptoms in active duty warfighters during the subacute stage of blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). A comprehensive visual and oculomotor function evaluation was performed on 40 U.S. military personnel, 20 with blast-induced mTBI and 20 without. In addition, a comprehensive symptom...