573 A bit serial VLSI neural network is described from an initial architecture for a synapse array through to silicon layout and board design. The issues surrounding bit serial computation, and analog/digital arithmetic are discussed and the parallel development of a hybrid analog/digital neural network is outlined. Learning and recall capabilities are reported for the bit serial network along ...

In this paper, a novel observer-based digital redesign tracker is proposed to resolve the output tracking problem for nonlinear sampled data systems. Acquiring parameters via a hybrid design of EP-based iterative learning control (EP-ILC) and linear quadratic analog tracker (LQAT), the tracker possesses good tracking performance both in transient state response and in steady state response when...

A thorough study on the performance of eight bit Analog-Digital converters based on single electron transistors has been done in this paper. The Single Electron Transistors are smaller in size, operate at a greater speed and have low power consumption when compared to CMOS. Three methods of Analog to Digital Conversion techniques Complementary Single Electron Tunnelling Transistor, Periodic Sym...

Introduction Instrumentation, waveform generation, data acquisition, feedback control systems and other application areas are beginning to utilize 16-bit data converters. More specifically, 16bit digital-to-analog converters (DACs) have seen increasing use. New components (see the sidebar “Components for 16-Bit Digital-to-Analog Conversion” on page 31) have made 16-bit DACs a practical design a...

This paper deals with the implementation of an analog electronic system capable of emulating and/or characterizing the electrical activity of biological neurons. We detail the main characteristics and performances of the system, and point out its litheness as an experimentation tool : • high level of modeling accuracy, validated by simple and hybrid experiments, • analog modeling principle, and...

Hybrid dynamic systems are systems consisting of a non-trivial mixture of discrete and continuous components, such as a controller realized by a combination of digital and analog circuits, a robot composed of a digital controller and a physical plant, or a robotic system consisting of a computer-controlled robot coupled to a continuous environment. Hybrid dynamic systems are more general than t...

Escherichia coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme transcribes bacteriophage T7 DNA selectively in uitro. Under normal conditions transcription is initiated predominantly at the three A promoter sites (near 1% on the standard genetic map) and is terminated at a site located at 20%. Transcription of DNA from the homologous bacteriophage T3 is also initiated predominantly at the left end of the genetic m...

NUANCE is a new device adding multi-touch force detection to the iPad touch screen. It communicates with the iPad using the audio jack input. Force information is sent at an audio rate using analog amplitude modulation (AM). NUANCE provides a high level of sensitivity and responsiveness by only using analog components. It is very cheap to make. NUANCE has been developed in the context of a larg...

We developed a hybrid analog/digital lightwave neuromorphic processing device that effectively performs signal feature recognition. The approach, which mimics the neurons in a crayfish responsible for the escape response mechanism, provides a fast and accurate reaction to its inputs. The analog processing portion of the device uses the integration characteristic of an electro-absorption modulat...

We report the synthesis and characterization of 5-thioacetamidofluorescein-uridine 5'-triphosphate (5-SF-UTP), and its application to the characterization of the environment of the nascent RNA during trans-cription. This analog specifically replaced UTP as a transcription substrate for Escherichia coli and T7 RNA polymerases, and yeast RNA polymerase III. Escherichia coli transcription complexe...