In this work we present and discuss some methodological issues associated with the generation of the computer based anatomical models. The importance of the virtual patient models is becoming increasingly recognized in modern medicine. The advantages of using such biomedical virtual models are analogous to those of real system behavior simulation in the engineering or material sciences. Particu...

Background and Purpose:  Due to the important role of imaging in the diagnosis and treatment plan in orthodontics, CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography) images because of their three-dimensional nature, can minimize the disadvantages of two-dimensional images such as magnification, distortion, or superimposition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of conventional cephalograms...

The surgical anatomy of the pelvis is highly complex. Anorectal and urogenital dysfunctions occur frequently after pelvic oncological surgery and are mainly caused by surgical damage of the autonomic nerves. A highly-detailed 3D pelvic model could increase the anatomical knowledge and form a solid basis for a surgical simulation system. Currently, pelvic surgeons still rely on the preoperative ...

Injuries in trauma aaect anatomical structures and indirectly aaect physiological systems through mechanical behavior and physical proximity. This paper presents our methods and models for simulation cardiopulmonary anatomy and physiology. We demonstrate our system that simulates normal, quiet breathing, and a tension pneumoth-orax. Our goal is to enable students of anatomy and physiology to ex...

urtica dioica l. is an iranian native pharmacological plant for which little attention has been paid to the anatomical structure. medical applications of this plant include diabetes therapy, digestive improvement, anemia and kidney disease therapy. because climatic conditions can affect the anatomical structure which in turn affects pharmacological compositions, research on the anatomy of this ...

case presentation a 30-year-old male patient with a history of severe, throbbing, constant pain in the lower mandibular molars was referred to the department of endodontics of hamedan dental university. the patient’s medical history was noncontributory. the buccal object rule (same-lingual opposite-buccal technique) confirmed the additional root as a distolingual root (radix entomolaris). follo...

abstract. natural populations of carpinus orientalis mill. shrub lands occur mainly in high and middle altitudes of the hyrcanian forests, n. iran, particularly on steep rocks and forest outcrops. there are some discrepancies on the intra-specific delimitation of this important woody species. the aim of the current study was to examine the anatomical variation of stems and leaves of sixteen pop...