We evaluated pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) induced by new formulations of tramadol (TR) in thermoreversible gels. The poloxamer- (PL-) tramadol systems were prepared by direct dispersion of the drug in solutions with PL 407 and PL 188. The evaluated formulations were as follows: F1: TR 2% in aqueous solution and F2: PL 407 (20%) + PL 188 (10%) + TR 2%; F3: PL 407 (25%) + PL 18...

2 In 1998, the OECD initiated a high-priority activity, to revise existing Test Guidelines and to develop new Test Guidelines for the screening and testing of potential endocrine disruptors (8). One element of the activity was to update the existing OECD guideline for “repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study in rodents” (TG 407) by parameters suitable to detect endocrine activity of test subst...

Oligonucleotides (ODNs) do not readily get access to their desired site (cytoplasm/nucleus) of action due to their high hydrophility and high molecular weight. Therefore enhancing components (carriers) are needed. Most widely used in vitro are cationic lipids (liposomes). Other systems include peptide conjugates or complexes, polymers and nanoparticles. We used cationic lipids and polymers, wit...

This paper looks in detail at stress assignment in the Bolivian isolate language Yurakaré, one of the few processes in the language that require the phonological-word (p-word) as its domain of application. In terms of stress assignment, the p-word in Yurakaré interacts not only with the morphological component, but also with the syntactic component. Moreover, morphological interference with the...

The purpose of this study is to develop and characterize the nature of a solid dispersion system of nifedipine in a polymer matrix consisting of PVP K30 and poloxamer 407. Dispersions consist of drug, polymeric carrier and surfactant carrier. Binary solid dispersions consisting of nifedipine and PVP K30 were developed by solvent evaporation method. Poloxamer 407, surfactant carrier was incorpor...

We investigated the expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) and their possible involvement in the regulation of cell proliferation in four colon cancer cell lines (SNU-61, SNU-81, SNU-407, and SNU-1033) derived from Korean colon carcinoma patients. A ligand binding assay showed that all four cell lines expressed mAChRs. Treatment of the four cell lines with the cholinergic ago...

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