During a conversation, agents can easily come to have different beliefs about the meaning or discourse role of some utterance. Participants normally rely on their expectations to determine whether the conversation is proceeding smoothly: if nothing unusual is detected, then understanding is presumed to occur. Conversely, when an agent says something that is inconsistent with another's expectati...

philosopl:y in its broad sense constitutes the origin and foundation of almost each and every discipline ive observe in today's world. despite the focal influence philosophical unde1pinnings have on an ensemble of ideological and epistemological issues in our life, this branch of human knowledge is not welcomed the 1vqy it deserves f?y the administrators of a number of disciplines. one suc...

This research paper deals with the study of criticism one most important books in linguistics which is titled "The Pragmatics Politeness", for Geoffrey Leech. Critical discourse analysis a methodology that has linguistic function enabling powerful evaluation some selected texts. As such, this study, there short review each chapter book from critical point view. That is, aspects general, and tho...

Learning sentence representations is an essential and challenging topic in the deep learning natural language processing communities. Recent methods pre-train big models on a massive text corpus, focusing mainly representation of contextualized words. As result, these cannot generate informative embeddings since they do not explicitly exploit structure discourse relationships existing contiguou...

Hobbs, J.R., M.E. Stickel, D.E. Appelt and P. Martin, Interpretation as abduction, Artificial Intelligence 63 (1993) 69-142. Abduction is inference to the best explanation. In the TACITUS project at SRI we have developed an approach to abductive inference, called "weighted abduction", that has resulted in a significant simplification of how the problem of interpreting texts is conceptualized. T...

In a series of recent papers (Cristea and Webber, 1997; Webber and Joshi, 1998; Webber et al., 1999a; Webber et al., 1999b), we have argued for starting the analysis of discourse in the same way as one starts the analysis of a clause, looking at how its syntax and semantics project from the lexicon. This is complementary to the issue of discourse pragmatics – how these small syntactic units of ...

There is a recurrent discourse about the fragmentation of psychology and its crises as a science, which often leads to a disenchanted view about its future. To this discourse we oppose a developmental one, in which crises can be occasions for development, and in which development might imply differentiation. We first review why psychology can be said to be in crisis. We then situate the crisis ...