We captured giant Canada geese (Branta canadensis maxima) in 7 counties in eastern South Dakota during the summer molting period, 2000–2003. We attached very high frequency (VHF) transmitters to 150 adult female geese with brood patches, and leg bands to 3,839 geese. We documented molt migrations using VHF telemetry and indirect band recovery at locations north of South Dakota. Telemetry of rad...

Abstract. During the main phase of geomagnetic storms, large positive ionospheric plasma density anomalies arise at middle and polar latitudes. A prominent example is tongue ionisation (TOI), which extends poleward from dayside storm-enhanced (SED) anomaly, often crossing cap streaming with convection flow into nightside ionosphere. fragmentation TOI anomaly contributes to formation patches par...

The excess of freshwater from rivers and precipitation delivered to the Bay Bengal (BoB) must be exported neighboring ocean in order establish a quasi-steady state salinity field. BoB's sea surface is approximately 3 PSU less than that Arabian Sea, which experiences net evaporation, difference reflecting efficiency exchange between two embayments (Gordon et al., 2019). Using Argo profiles 2003 ...

A recent study of environmental effects on rates of molecular evolution in the plant subgenus Mearnsia shows that species occurring in more equatorial latitudes have higher rates of substitution in rDNA sequences as compared to their more southerly congeners (Wright et al. 2003). However, we believe that the statistical approach employed by Wright et al. (2003) insufficiently accounts for the p...

Scintillations on VHF radio signal are sparsely observed during daytime due to unavailability of strong electron density irregularities in equatorial E or F region. Type I/II irregularities observed at E region altitudes during the daytime are linked with either two-stream or gradient drift instability. The occurrence of these irregularities in presence of strong blanketing Es (Esb) can produce...

Wetlands are the largest individual source of methane (CH4), but the magnitude and distribution of this source are poorly understood on continental scales. We isolated the wetland and rice paddy contributions to spaceborne CH4 measurements over 2003-2005 using satellite observations of gravity anomalies, a proxy for water-table depth Gamma, and surface temperature analyses TS. We find that trop...

In this paper, we forecast the regional total electron content (TEC) over China (0–60° N, 70–140° E) two hours in advance using a deep learning method called pix2pixhd that is based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN). We use International GNSS Service (IGS) TEC maps during 2003–2018 period for training and divide data into three parts: set (2003–2013), test (2014–2017), validation (2018)....

We report the results of approximation electron density Ne array obtained with a digisonde at high-latitude station Norilsk (69.40° N, 88.10° E) during years declining solar activity (2003–2006). The calculations are made using author's semi-empirical model new coefficients calculated specifically for Norilsk. obtain altitudinal changes annual variations in daily heights ionospheric layer F1 (1...

Ionospheric disturbances are known to have adverse effects on the satellite-based communication and navigation. One particular type of ionospheric effects, observed during major geomagnetic storms and threatening the integrity performance of both ground-based and space-based GNSS augmentation systems, is the sharp increase/decrease in the ionospheric delay that propagates in horizontal directio...