Acute lung injury (ALI) is a lung disease characterized by pulmonary edema and severe hypoxia. The past decade hosted a search for endogenous mechanisms controlling lung inflammation and pulmonary edema during ALI. As such, recent evidence indicates extracellular adenosine in orchestrating the resolution of pulmonary edema and inflammation during ALI.

INTRODUCTION Common variants in genes related to inflammation, innate immunity, epithelial cell function, and angiogenesis have been reported to be associated with risks for Acute Lung Injury (ALI) and related outcomes. We tested whether previously-reported associations can be validated in an independent cohort at risk for ALI. METHODS We identified 37 genetic variants in 27 genes previously ...

Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by the presence of dysregulated coagulation and inflammation. Therefore, Waerhaug and colleagues hypothesized that administration of activated protein C (APC) via the inhaled route would be a novel and effective treatment for ALI. They demonstrated that inhaled APC improved oxygenation and lung aeration in a sheep model of lipopolysaccharide-induced ALI,...

BACKGROUND As Bangladesh, India and Nepal progress towards visceral leishmaniasis (VL) elimination, it is important to understand the role of asymptomatic Leishmania infection (ALI), VL treatment relapse and post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) in transmission. METHODOLOGY/ PRINCIPAL FINDING We reviewed evidence systematically on ALI, relapse and PKDL. We searched multiple databases to ...

BACKGROUND We have observed at our clinical work that acute lung injury (ALI) often occurs in patients transplanted with donor livers persevered for long time. So, we conducted this study to investigate the influence of cold preservation time (CPT) of donor liver on ALI induced by liver transplantation (LT), and further study the role of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the process. METHODS Wista...

BACKGROUND Acute lung injury (ALI) and its extreme manifestation the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) complicate a wide variety of serious medical and surgical conditions. Thioredoxin is a small ubiquitous thiol protein with redox/inflammation modulatory properties relevant to the pathogenesis of ALI. We therefore investigated whether thioredoxin is raised extracellulary in patients w...

INTRODUCTION Acute lung injury (ALI) after cardiac surgery is associated with a high postoperative morbidity and mortality, but few predictors are known for the occurrence of the complication. This study evaluated whether elevated plasma levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) and S100A12 reflected impaired lung function in infants and young children after cardiac...

The mechanisms of pulmonary repair in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury (ALI) are poorly known. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) are key factors involved in alveolar epithelial repair, present in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with ALI/ARDS. The role of BALF mediators in their production remains to be deter...

BACKGROUND While acute lung injury (ALI) is among the most serious postoperative pulmonary complications, its incidence, risk factors and outcome have not been prospectively studied. OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence and survival of ALI associated postoperative respiratory failure and its association with intraoperative ventilator settings, specifically tidal volume. DESIGN Prospective, ...

BACKGROUND SOCS3 (suppressor of cytokine signaling 3) is a negative regulator of JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway and participates in the regulation of lung inflammation in a mouse model with acute lung injury (ALI). However, it is not well understood how SOCS3 regulates lung inflammation in the ALI mouse model. METHOD In the present study, we investigated the effects of SOCS3 on modulation of Ly6...