Male sexual harassment of females is common across sexually reproducing species and can result in fitness costs to females. We hypothesized that females can reduce unwanted male attention by constructing a social niche where their female associates are more sexually attractive than themselves, thus influencing the decision-making of males to their advantage. We tested this hypothesis in the Tri...

In this paper we will compare the performance of two techniques (the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLJZ) and the Population Vector (PV)) for estimating the interpretation of neuronal activity in a population of neurons. Although such a comparison has been made before, so far only homogeneous distributions of receptive fields have been investigated. Since the performance of both methods depends...

Recent studies of children's tool innovation have revealed that there is variation in children's success in middle-childhood. In two individual differences studies, we sought to identify personal characteristics that might predict success on an innovation task. In Study 1, we found that although measures of divergent thinking were related to each other they did not predict innovation success. I...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal predictive relationships among variables that may contribute to poor phonological awareness skills in preschool-age children with speech-sound disorders. METHOD Forty-seven children with speech-sound disorders were assessed during the spring of their prekindergarten year and again at the end of their kindergarten year. Hierarch...

This study considered how far nonverbal cognitive, language and reading abilities are affected by common genetic influences in a sample of 312 typically developing Chinese twin pairs aged from 3 to 11 years. Children were individually given tasks of Chinese word reading, receptive vocabulary, phonological memory, tone awareness, syllable and rhyme awareness, rapid automatized naming, morphologi...

In this paper, we make a fundamental distinction between literacy attainment scores and the actual process of learning to read, and examine these two aspects of reading in atypical development. Reading skills in a group of children and adults with the genetic disorder Williams syndrome (WS) were compared to a group of typically developing children matched for reading age and receptive vocabular...

Simultaneous estimation of range and angle of close emitters usually requires a multidimensional search. This paper offers an algorithm to improve the position of an element of any array designed on the basis of some certain or random rules. In the proposed method one element moves on its original direction, i.e., keeping the vertical distance to each source, to reach the constellation with les...

Receptive fields of neurons within the separate representations of the glabrous hand in areas 3b and 1 of somatosensory cortex were studied in cynomolgus monkeys. Many neurons in area 1 have center-surround receptive fields with separate 'on' and 'off' zones, while neurons in area 3b exhibit largely uniform or homogeneous receptive fields.

We give a complete characterization of receptive field codes realizable by connected receptive fields and their minimal embedding dimensions. In particular, we show that all connected codes are realizable in dimension at most three. To our knowledge, this is the first family of receptive field codes for which the exact characterization and minimal embedding dimension is known.