Special Relativity (SR) kinematics is derived from very intuitive assumptions. Contrary to standard Einstein’s derivation, no light signal is used in the construction nor it is assumed to exist. Instead we postulate the existence of two equivalence classes of physical objects: proportional clocks and proportional rulers. Simple considerations lead to Lorentz kinematics as one of three generic c...

in safavid era, ottoman rulers were interested in science and culture, and there were always iranian physicians, astronomers, scholars, artists and poets in their courts. although there were always wars between most ottoman sultans and the safavid kings, they could not prevent iranian culture from influencing that land. at the same time, artists and scholars went to other countries, including t...

Patients and methods Since 2009, 5 patients were treated with spinal instrumentation with TIDRs. These were 4 female and 1 male patients with a mean age of 28 years (13-55 years) at surgery. Mean preoperative Cobb angle was 116 degrees. All patients had restricted pulmonary dysfunction. For all patients, 2-stage operation using temporary internal distraction was performed. In one case, anterior...

0 Theorem 4, unlike Theorem 2, is not a s'pecial case of a known general result: it is not known if the statement of Theorem 4 holds for twoaccess channels that are not pairwise reversible. There is a converse to Theorem 4: For any fixed rate strictly inside R o , there exists a code with that rate for which X I 1 + o(N). This result holds for general twoaccess channels, and is proved by random...