China’s military planners like to claim that in overall terms, the PLA is technologically inferior if compared with its potential adversaries. Such inferiority will continue in the foreseeable future, even though the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has made some progress in modernizing its weaponry in recent years. On the other hand, the strategic principles of the PLA have undergone a major shi...

Over the past twenty years there has been an explosion in the creation, availability, and use of criminal justice databases. Large scale database systems now routinely influence law enforcement decisions ranging from formal determinations to arrest or convict an individual to informal judgments to subject a person to secondary pre-flight screening or investigate possible gang membership. Eviden...

Use of knowledge-based planning tools can help alleviate the challenges of planning a military operation in a coalition environment. We explore these challenges and potential contributions of knowledge-based tools using as an example the CADET system, a knowledge-based tool capable of producing automatically (or with human guidance) battle plans with realistic degree of detail and complexity. I...

To grasp fully the significance of this principle (which is usually described by using the Latin maxim nullum crimen nulla poena sine lege) a few words of introduction are necessary. National legal systems tend to embrace, and ground their criminal law on either the doctrine of substantive justice or that of strict legality. Under the former doctrine the legal order must primarily aim at prohib...

It is widely believed that anything done in the public interest is good for society and good for the individual members of society. When the 'anything' involves the health of the people, the belief is rapidly converted to doctrine. Doctrine nowadays means law.

The Indian Army Doctrine was first published by the Shimla-based Headquarters Army Training Command in October 2004. The original publication was in three parts and a five-yearly review was envisaged. As reported in the media, the army held a closed door seminar at the end of 2009 as part of the ongoing review. Immediately afterwards, sections of the media reported one main thrust of the review...

Grier, Michelle, 1960– Kant's doctrine of transcendental illusion / Michelle Grier. p. cm. – (Modern European philosophy) Includes bibliographical references and index.

Arterial hypertension is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Data from observational studies indicate that it may affect 90% of the general population during their lifetime. Despite much research that has been done, the exact cause of this disorder is still unknown. Avicenna (Ibn Sina) in his masterpiece The Canon of Medicine described most of the clinical featur...

Appellate courts, which have the most control over legal doctrine, tend to operate through collegial (multimember) decision making. How does this collegiality affect their choice of legal doctrine? Can decisions by appellate courts be expected to result in a meaningful collegial rule? How do such collegial rules differ from the rules of individual judges? We explore these questions and show tha...

We provide a construction which co-freely adds elementary structure to a primary doctrine in the sense of Lawvere. We show that the construction preserves all the first order logical structures that the starting doctrine may have. Moreover it forces the Principle of Propositional Extensionality when applied to tripos.