Recently, many payment schemes for digital money have been proposed. In most of these schemes money can be spent only once and must then immediately be returned to the bank. The purpose of this paper is to show the advantages of a scheme which allows the recipient of the money to use it directly for further purchases. We discuss why most existing schemes do not support such a payment scheme and...

Avoiding the partitioning of a cluster into cliques that are not able to communicate with each other is an important issue in the time-triggered communication protocol TTP/C. This is achieved by a mechanism called Clique Avoidance. The Clique Avoidance algorithm always selects one partition (clique) to win and causes all nodes of other partitions to shut down. In this paper, we are going to inv...

In this paper, working over Z(p) and using algebra perturbation results from [18], p-minimal homological models of twisted tensor products (TTPs) of Cartan’s elementary complexes are obtained. Moreover, making use of the notion of indecomposability of a TTP, we deduce that a homological model of a indecomposable p-minimal TTP of length ` (` ≥ 2) of exterior and divided power algebras is a tenso...

We propose a new protocol allowing the exchange of an item against a signature while assuring fairness. The proposed protocol, based on the Girault-Poupard-Stern signature scheme (a variation of the Schnorr scheme), assumes the existence of a trusted third party that, except in the setup phase, is involved in the protocol only when one of the parties does not follow the designated protocol or s...

The purpose of this paper to analyze whether and what extent are third-party funding access justice intertwined compatible. analysis started from recognizing most common challenges with these may be overcome existing regulation guidelines. Global lack subject is noticeable. This increases the risks having undisclosed conflict interests between various participants affects confidentiality, effic...

This work describes statistical modeling of detailed, micro-level automobile insurance records. We consider 1993-2001 data from a major insurance company in Singapore. By detailed micro-level records, we refer to experience at the individual vehicle level, including vehicle and driver characteristics, insurance coverage and claims experience, by year. The claims experience consists of detailed ...

intentional assignment of entitlements (as opposed to debts) is a legal institution which is based on the possibility of separation of entitlements from the personality of creditor and of its assignment to a third party. in the voluntary assignment of entitlements, the creditors may assign their rights to a third party. after long discussions, voluntary assignment of rights has been accepted in...

Studies that combine data from multiple sources can tremendously improve the outcome of the statistical analysis. However, combining data from these various sources for analysis poses privacy risks. A number of protocols have been proposed in the literature to address the privacy concerns; however they do not fully deliver on either privacy or complexity. In this paper, we present a (theoretica...