increase of environmental pollution and restricted emission legislations have forced companies to produce automobiles with lower air pollutants. in this respect, discharge of blowby gases into the environment has been prohibited and their recirculation into the combustion chamber is proposed as an alternative solution. in addition, using egr technique to control and reduce nitrogen oxides in in...

this case report describes the anesthetic management and ventilation technique in the surgical treatmentof traumatic diaphragmatic hernia in a dog. a 5-month-old 8-kg female terrier with a history of car accidentwas presented for femoral fracture repair. before anesthetic induction, marked tachypnea and dyspnea werenoted. diaphragmatic hernia was diagnosed based upon radiographic and ultrasonog...

The anesthetic mixture of medetomidine (MED), midazolam (MID) and butorphanol (BUT) produced anesthetic duration of around 40 minutes (min) in ICR mice. We reported that this anesthetic mixture produced almost the same anesthetic effects in both male and female BALB/c and C57BL/6J strains. Intraperitoneal (IP) administration of drugs has been widely used in mice. However, various injectable rou...

BACKGROUND Kinetics of inhaled agents are often described by physiological models. However, many pharmacokinetic concepts, such as context-sensitive half-times, have been developed for drugs described by classical compartmental models. We derived classical compartmental models that describe the course of the alveolar concentrations (FA) generated by the physiological uptake and distribution mod...

aim and background:   long exposure to inhalant anesthetic gases especially halothane, among the known hepatotoxic agents, is a serious health risk for the staff of operating room. current study was performed to compare the level of hepatic enzymes between operating&aposs; room staff and other therapeutic wards’ personnel out of the operating room. methods and materials:   a total of 100 person...

Waste anesthetic gas (WAG) is a small amount of inhaled that comes out the patient’s anesthesia breathing circuit into envorinment air while patient under anesthesia. According to American Occupation Safety and HealthAdministration (OSHA) more than 200.000 healthcare workers especially aneaesthesiologist, surgery nurse, obstetrician surgeons are at risk developing work-related disease due chron...