The flavin adenine dinucleotide cofactor has an unusual bent configuration in photolyase and cryptochrome, and such a folded structure may have a functional role in initial photochemistry. Using femtosecond spectroscopy, we report here our systematic characterization of cyclic intramolecular electron transfer (ET) dynamics between the flavin and adenine moieties of flavin adenine dinucleotide i...

Freeze fracturing and deep etching have been used to study thermotropic lateral translational motion of intramembrane particles and membrane surface anionic groups in the inner mitochondrial membrane. When the inner membrane is equilibrated at low temperature, the fracture faces of both halves of the membrane reveal a lateral separation between intramembrane particles and particle free, large s...

Many biophysical studies of protein transduction domains (PTDs) and their synthetic mimics (PTDMs) focus on the interaction between the polycationic PTD(M) and anionic phospholipid surfaces. Most, but not all, of these studies suggest that these cation-anion interactions are vital for membrane activity. In this study, the effect of anionic lipid content on PTDM performance was examined for thre...

The sal inity tolerance (precipitation phase boundary) is measured for a mixed anionic/nonionic surfactant sy s t em above the CMC. For any total surfactant concentration, the salinity tolerance is shown to increase as the percentage of nonionic surfactant in the s y s t e m is increased. A model is developed which can predict the phase houndaries for the mixed surfactant s y s t e m from the p...

background detergents and difficulties of their presence in the water and wastewater cause various problems such as foam production, anomalies in the growth of algae, and accumulation and dispersion in aqueous environments. objectives the aim of this study was to examine and compare the moving bed biofilm reactor with another reactor without media (carries) for anionic surfactants removal. mate...

This paper reports the synthesis of the first bis(amino)borate ligand, [Ph(2)B(CH(2)NMe(2))(2)](-), an anionic equivalent of tertiary diamines. Anionic [Ph(2)B(CH(2)NMe(2))(2)] is an excellent bidentate ligand auxiliary and is used to prepare a series of N-chelated, zwitterionic rhodium(I) complexes.

Small unilamellar liposomes, 40-60 nm in diameter, composed of anionic diphosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipin, CL(2-)) or phosphatidylcerine (PS(1-)) and zwitter-ionic egg yolk lecithin (EL) or dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), electrostatically complex with polystyrene microspheres, ca. 100 nm in diameter, grafted by polycationic chains ("spherical polycationic brushes", SPBs). Polymer/lipos...

Although acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP) stimulates utilization of long-chain fatty acyl-CoA by a variety of membrane-bound enzymes, it is not known whether ACBP directly interacts with membranes. To test this hypothesis, mouse recombinant (mr) ACBP was engineered to contain the native mouse ACBP amino acid sequence expressed as a fusion protein at high levels (>150 mg/L) in Escherichia coli. P...

Many enveloped viruses invade cells via endocytosis and use different environmental factors as triggers for virus-endosome fusion that delivers viral genome into cytosol. Intriguingly, dengue virus (DEN), the most prevalent mosquito-borne virus that infects up to 100 million people each year, fuses only in late endosomes, while activation of DEN protein fusogen glycoprotein E is triggered alrea...

OBJECTIVE The goal of the study was to determine whether microbubble charge influences the microvascular retention of microbubble contrast agents. BACKGROUND Interactions between serum proteins and lipid membranes are greater with anionic compared with neutral membranes. These interactions may influence the microvascular behavior of anionic lipid microbubbles. METHODS Intravital microscopy ...