The aquatic organisms toxicity testing protocols developed by the chemical response to oil spills: Ecological Research Forum (CROSERF) were evaluated for applicability to assessing chemical dispersant toxicity under subarctic conditions. CROSERF participants developed aquatic toxicity testing protocols with the foremost objective of standardizing test methods and reducing inter-laboratory varia...

Freeze-fracture has been used to examine the effects of gentamicin on membrane structure in liposomes of different anionic phospholipids combined with a neutral phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine. The molar ratios of neutral: anionic lipid were 1:1 (high anionic lipid ratio) and 4:1 (low anionic lipid) and the liposomes were incubated with 0.1 mM (low) and 1 mM (high) gentamicin. With the anioni...

Within EU approval policies, most dispersant ecotoxicity testing considers lethal concentrations for marine adult species, overlooking the embryotoxicological effects. Here we studied of two commercial formulations (dispersant A and B) on embryogenesis ascidian Ciona robusta. Embryotoxicity phenotypic alterations stated that B resulted more toxic than (EC50 value 44.30 160 μg mL−1, respectively...

Daptomycin is a cyclic anionic lipopeptide antibiotic recently approved for the treatment of complicated skin infections (Cubicin). Its function is dependent on calcium (as Ca2+). Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that daptomycin experienced two structural transitions: a transition upon interaction of daptomycin with Ca2+, and a further transition upon interaction with Ca2+ and the bact...

Dyes wastewater produced during leather processing caused serious environmental pollution. Anionic dyes are always vital crisis in waste treatment. Removal of anionic dyes from tannery wastewater before their discharge into the environment is important for health and environment safety. The use of low-priced and biodegradable adsorbents could be a good method to minimize the environmental impac...

With the aid of pH variation, direct transformation of a "1-1" cationic-anionic surfactant pair to a "1-2" cationic-anionic surfactant pair was attained in the system of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and n-decylphosphoric acid. Owing to the transformation of a "1-1" pair to a "1-2" pair, diverse microstructures and peculiar phase behavior in this cationic-anionic surfactant mixture was obtaine...