An accessory middle cerebral artery is one variation of the intracranial vasculature that may be a source of misinterpretation by clinicians dealing with cerebrovascular diseases. We report a case of an elderly female found to have bilateral accessory middle cerebral arteries, who presented with the rupture of an aneurysm of the anterior part of the circle of Willis. Accessory middle cerebral a...

The anterior cerebral artery (ACA) varies considerably and this complicates the description of the normal anatomy. The segmentation of the ACA is mostly agreed on by different authors, although the relationship of the pericallosal and callosomarginal arteries (CmA) is not agreed upon. The two basic configurations of the ACA are determined by the presence or absence of the CmA. The diameter, len...

Background and Purpose Transcranial color-coded sonography is a new development in noninvasive cerebral vascular imaging. Reference data using this technique are described. Methods Blood velocities and pulsatility and resistance indices were determined in the anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, posterior cerebral, vertebral, and basilar arteries in 115 volunteers after correction for the angle ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The presence of collaterals is associated with a reduced risk of stroke and transient ischemic attack in patients with steno-occlusive carotid artery disease. Although metabolic syndrome negatively impacts collateral status, it is unclear whether and to what extent type 2 diabetes mellitus affects cerebral collateral flow regulation during hypoperfusion. METHODS We exam...

Supraophthalmic internal carotid artery infusion of BCNU for brain tumor chemotherapy has been promoted as a method to reduce ocular complications [1-4]. The placement of microcatheters into the supraclinoid carotid artery can occasionally result in selection of the ophthalmic artery, middle cerebral artery, or anterior cerebral artery. This report describes an avoidable complication of microca...

Background and Purpose: Ischemic episodes distal to an internal carotid artery occlusion are common. We undertook this study to look for evidence of transhemispheric passage of embolic material in this patient category as a mechanism for embolic events. Methods: Seven symptomatic patients with unilateral internal carotid artery occlusion and contralateral stenosis were examined by transcranial ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A favorable risk-benefit ratio for warfarin compared with aspirin has been reported for the prevention of major vascular events in symptomatic >/=50% intracranial stenoses. Transcranial color-coded duplex sonography (TCCS) criteria providing an accurate detection of >/=50% and <50% stenoses of the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries and basilar and vertebral...

We report a case of segmental agenesis of the right internal carotid artery (ICA) in a 53-year-old woman, associated with a saccular aneurysm of the left anterior cerebral artery (A1 segment) presenting with a right hemispheric transient ischemic attack. The agenetic segment was located distal to the origin of the posterior communicating artery (PComA), as documented both angiographically and b...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Transcranial color-coded sonography is a new development in noninvasive cerebral vascular imaging. Reference data using this technique are described. METHODS Blood velocities and pulsatility and resistance indices were determined in the anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, posterior cerebral, vertebral, and basilar arteries in 115 volunteers after correction for the angl...