Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART). J Antimicrob Chemother 2005; 55:965–973. 3. Mosdell DM, Morris DM, Voltura A, et al. Antibiotic treatment for surgical peritonitis. Ann Surg 1991; 214:543–554. 4. Hawser SP, Bouchillon SK, Hoban DJ, et al. Emergence of high levels of extended-spectrum beta bactamase-producing gram-negative bacilli in the pacific region: data from the...

OBJECTIVES Surveillance data concerning antimicrobial susceptibilities of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Greece during the 11 year period 1994-2004 are presented. METHODS Antimicrobial susceptibilities of all gonococcal isolates received by the Greek National Reference Center for N. gonorrhoeae during the study period were determined in terms of MICs using Etest. Trends in yearly isolation...

Clostridium difficile is the major causative agent of nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea. In a 2009 outbreak of C. difficile-associated diarrhea that was recorded in a major Costa Rican hospital, the hypervirulent NAP1 strain (45%) predominated together with a local genotype variant (NAPCR1, 31%). Both strains were fluoroquinolone-resistant and the NAPCR1 genotype, in addition, was resis...

The effect of delayed administration of amoxicillin on the course of acute otitis media (AOM) caused by two Streptococcus pneumoniae strains with different susceptibilities to amoxicillin (MICs of 0.016 and 1 microg/ml for strains A and B, respectively) was evaluated in the gerbil model. The organisms were inoculated by transbullar challenge into the middle ear, and antibiotic treatment was adm...

Wolbachia spp. are strict intracellular bacteria that infect a wide range of arthropods and filarial nematodes. Filarial nematodes are important causes of human diseases. There is increasing evidence that Wolbachia spp. influence important functions in the biology of the hosts, specifically, infertility. Preliminary experiments with humans and animals have suggested that antibiotics with activi...

In Spain, the inclusion of new antibiotics in hospital formularies is performed by the Infection Policy Committee or the Pharmacy and Therapeutic Committee, although now the decision is moving to a regional level. Criteria for the evaluation of new drugs include efficacy, safety and cost. For antimicrobial drugs evaluation it is necessary to consider local sensibility and impact in bacterial re...