Automatic intuitions and deliberate reasoning, sourcing internal representations of our personal norms and values, contribute to our beliefs of what is right and wrong. We used fMRI to directly compare moral (M) and non-moral (NM) decision-making processes using scenarios requiring conscious deliberation, whereby the main character declared an intention to take a course of action. Furthermore, ...

Measurements play a fundamental role in nowadays forensic activities, especially in criminal justice. Guilt or innocence and the severity of a sentence do often depend upon the results of measurements. On the other hand, it is well-known that measurement results are always affected by uncertainty, so that any decision based on measurement results carries an implicit risk of being wrong: uncerta...

Last decade has seen lots of research in automatic brain tumour classification by using metabolite lipids like NAcetylasparate, Creatine and Choline values from Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) graphs. Accurate identification of the type of the brain abnormality is highly essential since the treatment planning is different for all the brain abnormalities. Any false detection may lead to a ...

Surgical targeting of the incorrect vertebral level (wrong-level surgery) is among the more common wrong-site surgical errors, attributed primarily to the lack of uniquely identifiable radiographic landmarks in the mid-thoracic spine. The conventional localization method involves manual counting of vertebral bodies under fluoroscopy, is prone to human error and carries additional time and dose....

We introduce a new class of distributed algorithms for the approximate consensus problem in dynamic rooted networks, which we call amortized averaging algorithms. They are deduced from ordinary averaging algorithms by adding a value-gathering phase before each value update. This allows their decision time to drop from being exponential in the number n of processes to being linear under the assu...

agonizing over whether an ambiguous spot is a tumor. A parole board weighs the release of a potentially violent criminal. A technician at an airport worries over a set of ultrasound readings: do they suggest a deadly crack in an airplane’s wing? All these people are grappling with diagnostic decisions. In spite of incomplete or ambiguous evidence, they must determine whether or not a certain co...

As the environments that intelligent agents operate in become more reflective of the real world, agent’s decision-making processes must become more nuanced. In this paper, we present a decision-making model for an intentional agent which has been inspired by Kohlberg’s theory of moral development and the appraisal theory of emotion. Agents utilising this model anticipate how undertaking actions...