API migration refers to adapting an application such that its dependence on a given API (the source API) is eliminated in favor of depending on an alternative API (the target API), where both APIs serve the same domain. One may attempt to automate API migration by code transformation or wrapping of some sort. API migration is relatively well understood for the special case where source and targ...

Application program interface (API) use and design is critical, non-optional, and cross-cutting in the construction of modern software systems. However, only recently has the explicit study of API design process and API designs been initiated from the perspective of usability, and little is known with respect to how various forms of information about an API aids programmers in the use of an API...

In discussions of the factors necessary for accuracy in blood glutathione determinations, far more consideration has been given to the method of estimation than to the type of blood filtrate used. It has been shown that either iodometric titration, under the proper conditions of pH, temperature, and potassium iodide concentration, or ferricyanide calorimetric estimation accurately determines gl...

Trichomonas gallinae, the aetiological agent of avian trichomonosis, was shown to secrete soluble factors involved in cytopathogenic effect on a permanent chicken liver (LMH) cell culture. The present study focused on the characterization of these molecules. The addition of specific peptidase inhibitors to the cell-free filtrate partially inhibited the monolayer destruction, which implied the p...

BACKGROUND Invasive candidiasis, caused mostly by Candida albicans and C. tropicalis is one of the most common causes of bloodstream infection with a substantial attributable mortality. This disease is associated with formation of structured, multilayered microbial communities known as biofilms over indwelling devices. Treatment is rendered difficult owing to factors like poor drug penetration ...

Although sickle erythrocytes (RBC) undergo excessive autooxidation, investigators have not found evidence for abnormal oxidation of protein thiols in sickle RBC membranes (e.g., protein aggregates linked by intermolecular disulfide bonds). However, the conventional techniques heretofore used cannot detect more subtle changes in thiol status such as abnormal intramolecular disulfide bonds. We ex...

C57BL/10 and C57BL/6 mice (H-2b); B10 congenic mice with f, k, p, q, r, and s H-2 haplotypes; B10 mice with recombinant g2, o2, a, h2, h4, i5, and bq1 H-2 haplotypes; and B6 mice with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) mutant bm1 and bm13 (class I) and bm12 (class II) haplotypes were infected intravenously with 4 x 10(6) CFU of live Mycobacterium bovis BCG and examined by Western immunoblot...

Currently, the most effective tuberculosis control method involves case finding and 6 months of chemotherapy. There is a need to improve our understanding about drug interactions, combination activities, and the ability to remove persistent bacteria using the current regimens, particularly in relation to relapse. We aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of three main components, rifampin...

TRUE POLYCYTHEMIA can be produced in normal, adult rats at ordinary altitudes by injection of the filtrate of boiled plasma of rabbits made severely anemic with phenylhydrazine. 7 All the criteria of polycythemia are observed: increases in red cell count, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration, as well as reticulocytosis and evidence in the bone marrow of stimulation of erythropoiesis. An extr...

This work evaluated the in vitro bio-control action of actinomycetes isolated from Egyptian soil against Fasciola gigantica eggs. In this respect, the identified Streptomyces griseolus was the best parasite-control agent which gave the highest mortality percent applying three methods; the first method was the application of the grown bacterial disks with the eggs at zero time on the medium (2% ...