Apple is one of the intensive grown and widely cultivated fruit crop in the temperate region, around the world. China, USA, Iran, India and Italy are the highest apple producing countries in the world. More than 60% of world apple productions come from these countries. More than 7.500 apple cultivars are grown around the world. Generally most popular apple varieties in the world are pink lady, ...

Many fruit boring insect pests are difficult to control because of the short time span during which the damaging stage can be targeted before it becomes protected by the host fruit. We investigated the host location behaviour of the codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Totricidae) to its apple host ( Malus domestica Mill.) in the laboratory, with a view to the potential for extending...

IMPORTANCE Fruit consumption is believed to have beneficial health effects, and some claim, "An apple a day keeps the doctor away." OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between eating an apple a day and keeping the doctor away. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of the noninstitutionalized US adult population. A total of 8728 adu...

Recently, the demand for concentrates and dry powders from natural fruit berry raw materials has been growing in food industry. Spray drying is a method that widely used to increase shelf life of products. However, obtaining clarified, unclarified juices, as well juices with pulp, by spraying certain difficulties. This due fact apple purees contain complex organic acids (malic, citric, etc.) co...

ABSTRACT Detached crab apple flowers were used as an experimental model to investigate the effect of relative humidity (RH), free moisture, and water potential Psi(w) on the interaction between Erwinia amylovora and pomaceous flowers. Flowers were maintained at 24 degrees C with the cut pedicel submerged in a sucrose solution. The bacterium multiplied on inoculated flower stigmas at between app...

A split-rooted containerized system was developed by approach grafting two, 1-year-old apple (Malus×domestica Borkh. cv 'Gala') trees to investigate the effect of soil moisture heterogeneity and total soil moisture content (θ(v)) on tree water relations, gas exchange, and leaf abscisic acid (ABA) concentration [ABA(leaf)]. Four irrigation treatments comprising a 2×2 factorial experiment of irri...