The inductive approach [1] has been successfully used for verifying a number of security protocols, uncovering hidden assumptions and even attacks. Yet it requires a high level of skill to use: a user must guide the proof process, selecting the tactic to be applied, inventing a key lemma, etc. Proofs are both onerous and cumbersome. To compound the problem, security guarantees are not built int...

Goals fall into two broad types--approach and avoidance. Research on infants' early goal understanding has focused only on approach goals, usually assuming that infants will encode an ambiguous display where an actor picks one object over another as the actor wanting to approach the former rather than avoid the latter. We investigated infants' understanding of approach and avoidance separately ...

This study extends previous research on the relations among students' personal achievement goals, perceptions of the classroom goal structure, and reports of the use of self-handicapping strategies. Surveys, specific to the math domain, were given to 484 7th-grade students in nine middle schools. Personal performance-avoid goals positively predicted handicapping, whereas personal performance-ap...

Goals are an essential attitude of proactive agents described with mentalistic attitudes. Nonetheless, in the literature no well agreed-upon definition of the term goal has arisen so far. In this paper it is argued that a property-based view on goals can help understanding the nature of the goal concept. Therefore, the goal concept is discussed with respect to typical properties, which are asso...

Current approaches to modelling plans and processes in AI are limited by current understanding of "goals" and "intentions". We discuss this question in a medical context, viewing goals as clinical objectives and plans and processes as collections of tasks to achieve those objectives. The specific context for this discussion is the CREDO project, which aims to develop a comprehensive approach to...

At present, there is disagreement among achievement goal theorists regarding the beneficial or inimical nature of performance-approach goals. This article evaluates performanceapproach goals using three criteria: empirical, theoretical, and meta-theoretical (values/ beliefs). On the basis of these criteria, we conclude that performance-approach goals may be construed in both positive and negati...