background and aims: neurons are injured under physical, chemical and pathological conditions. the effect of peripheral nervous system injuries may return as retrograde to the cell body of neurons in central nervous system resulting in brain and spinal cord degeneration. because of high content of camphor and borneol, achillea biebersteinii from asteracea family may be effective in prevention t...

Enzymes are highly specific catalysts that typically function in aqueous solvents. However, many enzymes retain their catalytic activities at high concentrations in non-aqueous environments, including neat hydrophilic organic solvents. In fact, enzymes can be used to carry out reactions in organic solvents that are not possible in aqueous systems. Therefore, biocatalysis in homogenous non-aqueo...

The effects of topical application of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor trifluormethazolamide (TFM) on intraocular pressure (IOP), ascorbate and CO2 concentrations in aqueous humor, and aqueous humor flow were studied in rabbits. These effects were compared with those produced by systemic treatment with methazolamide. The decrease in IOP observed after TFM was accompanied by changes in the compo...

OBJECTIVE To determine the therapeutic efficacy of adjuvant use of voriconazole, 1%, eyedrops in the treatment of refractory fungal keratitis. METHODS A prospective open-label trial was conducted to determine voriconazole levels obtained in human aqueous humor after administration of a 1% solution, preserved with 0.01% benzalkonium chloride, every 6 hours for 3 days, or hourly for 4 doses. Te...

The distribution of cyclosporin A (CsA) in the blood, saliva, tears, aqueous humour, vitreous, and cerebrospinal fluid has been studied after oral treatment with 5 mg/kg/day of CsA or application of 2% CsA eye drops in olive oil solution. After oral treatment all patients had high CsA levels in blood. Measurable levels of CsA were also found in the saliva and tears. Patients without any intraoc...

THE unsatisfactory state of our knowledge regarding the effect of cortisone on capillary permeability has been discussed in a previous paper (Duke-Elder and Ashton, 1951). It was there noted that Leopold and others (1951), injecting fluorescein intravenously in rabbits and estimating its concentration in the aqueous humour, observed no delay in the appearance of the dye in the anterior chambers...

A study on the extraction of Acetaminophen (ACTP) which is also known as paracetamol, from aqueous solution by emulsion liquid membrane process using Taylor-Couette Column (TCC) was investigated. An ELM consists of three phase system which are the external, membrane and internal phases. The external phase containing the ACTP aqueous solution to be treated. Basically, the internal and membrane p...

Liquid Membrane (LM) based processes, as Supported Liquid Membranes (SLMs), have been proposed, for over 30 years, as effective methods for the selective separation of inorganic/organic species from different water streams. The industrial use of SLMs has been limited mainly by their insufcient stability. To investigate on the main cause of system destabilization and the o...

Objective: The use of drugs with herbal origin is increasing for treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Rosa damascena (R. damascena) is a well-known plant suggested to have beneficial effect on GI system. In this study, the effect of aqueous fraction of R. damascena on the contractionsofisolated guinea pig ileum was investigated. Materials and Methods: Aqueous fraction of plant was obta...