Relative hydrophobicity and lipophilicity of 63 compounds with known permeability through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was examined by partitioning in aqueous dextran-poly(ethylene glycol) two-phase system and octanol-buffer system, and by gradient RP-HPLC at pH 7.4. Combination of the relative hydrophobicity estimates, N(CH(2)) obtained by aqueous two-phase partitioning and the lipophilicity ...

The rose-like aroma compound 2-phenylethanol (2-PE) is an important fragrance and flavor ingredient. Several yeast strains are able to convert l-phenylalanine (l-phe) to 2-PE among which Kluyveromyces marxianus has shown promising results. The limitation of this process is the low product concentration and productivity primarily due to end product inhibition. This study explored the possibility...

The two techniques aqueous two-phase partitioning and expanded bed adsorption that both are suitable for primary protein recovery were studied. Most of the work was focused on partition in aqueous two-phase systems and in particular on the possibility to effect the partition behaviour by fusion of short peptide tags or protein domains to the target protein. The partitioning of fusion proteins b...

The techniques of membrane extraction permit the application of classical liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) chemistry to instrumental and automated operation. Various shortcomings of LLE are overcome by membrane extraction techniques as they use none or very little organic solvents, high enrichment factors can be obtained and there are no problems with emulsions. A three phase SLM system (aq/org/a...

We report the design and the electrical and microfluidic characterization of a device that improves signal strength and increases the detection levels in microfluidic impedance cytometry. Low-conductivity aqueous and two-phase dielectric sheathing allows the use of wider, more easily fabricated channels, increases the precision of celland particle-size measurements, and decreases the smallest d...

The development of modern therapeutics has raised the requirement for controlled drug delivery system which is able to efficiently encapsulate bioactive agents and achieve their release at a desired rate satisfying the need of the practical system. In this study, two kind of aqueous model drugs with different molecule weight, Congo red and albumin from bovine serum (BSA) were nano-encapsulated ...

In this work, benzyl alcohol was obtained in 96% excellent yield by hydrolysis of benzyl chloride catalyzedby the recyclable temperature-dependant phase-separation system that comprised the ionic liquid PEG1000-DAIL[BF4], toluene and ferric sulfate under homogeneous catalysis in aqueous media. This novel methodnot only enhanced the yield, but also made the operating units easy workup. The catal...

the modified nrtl (m-nrtl) model is used to represent the excess gibbs free energy of aqueous (alcohol + electrolyte) solutions. in this work, the m-nrtl model previously developed for representation of vapor-liquid equilibria for (polymer + salt + water) systems has been extended to represent liquid-liquid equilibria of (alcohol + salt + water) systems. the proposed extension is a modified of ...