Although long granted the status of immune privilege, the central nervous system is not completely isolated from the immune system. Increasing evidence suggests that this system contributes to seizures and epilepsy and that the molecular mediators of inflammation and immunity may serve as appropriate targets in the quest to develop novel antiepileptic drugs that are more efficacious and potenti...

Ten years have passed since Directive 2004/24/EC regulating herbal medicinal products across the EU were published. The directive created the Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products within the European Medicines Agency whose remit includes the creation and publishing of official EU monographs on herbal medicinal products. These monographs include the official uses of the products and their evide...

The dismal survival rates for critically ill patients with AKI have not improvedmuch over the past fewdecades despite many advances in renal replacement therapies (RRTs). Some of the continued poor outcomes can be attributed to the fact that the demographics of patients treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) with RRTs have changed considerably (1,2). As pharmacists, perhaps the most personall...

10.2217/14750708.4.2.125 © 2 Invasive fungal infections continue to be associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, primarily in the immunocompromised hosts. Candida and Aspergillus are the most common causes of invasive fungal disease; however, other fungi can also cause disease in humans. Current therapeutic options for the management of invasive fungal infections include the polyen...

The current clinical practice of endodontics includes the utilization of a variety of new technological advances and materials. The last comprehensive survey that compared treatment modalities used in endodontic practices was conducted in 1990. The purpose of the current survey was to determine the frequency with which these new endodontic technologies and materials are being used in endodontic...

A 11-year-old boy had long-standing, asymptomatic para-testicular mass inside the left hemiscrotum. Physical examination identifi ed a double, superimposed, non-adherent scrotal mass. Color Doppler ultrasonography indicated normoechogenic homolateral testes and epididymides, with individual blood vessel networks. The right testis measured 40 × 19 mm; on the left, the lower testis was 21.8 × 15....

Robotic surgery is a rapid advancement in the scientific strata of artificial intelligence and has evolved into refined tool for surgeons. Over last 30 years, this field leaps bounds with wide applications by improving dexterity accessibility surgeons various array major complicated cases. The surgical armamentarium been strengthened evolution robotic to an extent that man may be replaced intel...