many of the contemporary authors and researchers such as c. bartholomae (the author of the book “zum sassanidischem recht”) and arthur christensen (the author of the book “iran in the sassanian period”), believe that women had a very bad status in the sassanian period, being dealt with as slaves or objects. however, studying the religious and non-religious resources of this period, including av...

w The ‘‘lock-in’’ model by Arthur Arthur, W.B., 1988. Competing technologies. In: Dosi, G., Freeman, C., Nelson, R., Ž . x Silverberg, G., Soete, L. Eds. , Technical Change and Economic Theory. Pinter, London, pp. 590–607. can be extended to the case of two and even three sources of random variation. Thus, one can model a triple helix of university–industry– government relations. In the case of...

Quantum Merlin-Arthur proof systems are a weak form of quantum interactive proof systems, where mighty Merlin as a prover presents a proof in a pure quantum state and Arthur as a verifier performs polynomial-time quantum computation to verify its correctness with high success probability. For a more general treatment, this paper considers quantum “multiple-Merlin”-Arthur proof systems in which ...

We show that deciding whether an algebraic variety has an irreducible component of codimension at least d is an NP C-complete problem for every xed d (and is in the Arthur-Merlin class if we assume a bit model of computation). However, when d is not xed but is instead part of the input, we show that the problem is not likely to be in NP C or in coNP C. These results are generalized to arbitrary...