The resistance to artificial infection with Cowdria ruminantium of calves born to cows fully susceptible to heartwater is no different from that of calves bred in heartwater endemic areas where the tick challenge is negligible to considerable. The sub-inoculation into mice of blood collected 14-26 days after infection proved the presence of the heartwater agent in the blood of 8 out of 10 calve...

Fluid resuscitation is intended to eliminate microcirculatory disorders and restore adequate tissue oxygenation. The safety limits for a restrictive transfusion policy are given by patients' individual tolerance of acute normovolemic anemia. Artificial oxygen carriers based on perfluorocarbon or hemoglobin are attractive alternatives to allogenic red blood cells. There are many risks involved i...

Polyhaemoglobins (PolyHb) and perfluorochemicals are in advanced phase III clinical trials and conjugated haemoglobins in phase II clinical trial. New recombinant human haemoglobin with no vasoactivity is being developed. A soluble macromolecule of PolyHb-catalase-superoxide dismutase is being studied as an oxygen carrier with antioxidant properties. New artificial red blood cells that are more...

THE TECHNOLOGY of implantable vascular prostheses and extracorporeal circulation is now commonplace in modern medicine. The essential function of this technology is the passage and/or processing of blood in some manner, and this inevitably requires intimate and prolonged contact between the blood and various manmade devices, e.g., pumps, valves, tubing, membranes, etc. Some systems, such as the...

Want to get experience? Want to get any ideas to create new things in your life? Read blood in contact with natural and artificial surfaces now! By reading this book as soon as possible, you can renew the situation to get the inspirations. Yeah, this way will lead you to always think more and more. In this case, this book will be always right for you. When you can observe more about the book, y...

It is assumed that the reader has a basic knowledge of artificial neural networks, although this is not absolutely necessary. If you are not interested in the details of neural networks, chapters 1, 3.1-3.3, 4, 7 and 8 are recommended. Chapter 2 gives a detailed background of available research in diabetes management using various kinds of control systems. If you are only interested in the resu...

BACKGROUND One of the major obstacles hindering the clinical development of a cell-free, hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC) is systemic vasoconstriction. METHODS AND RESULTS Experiments were performed in healthy mice and lambs by infusion of either murine tetrameric hemoglobin (0.48 g/kg) or glutaraldehyde-polymerized bovine hemoglobin (HBOC-201, 1.44 g/kg). We observed that intravenous i...

Anopheles sacharovi, the main human malaria vector in Turkey, has been maintained in our laboratory by feeding on anesthetized rabbits for about 20 years but it is a difficult species to colonize and bloodfeed. To eliminate the need for keeping and using live rabbits to supply blood meals, artificial bloodfeeding methods with suitable membrane apparatus were investigated. The feeding apparatus ...

Blood substitutes (modified hemoglobin solutions, perfluorocarbon emulsions) serve as artificial oxygen carriers and are alternatives to blood transfusions. Hemoglobin solutions mimic the sigmoidal oxygen dissociation curve of natural blood. Perfluorocarbon emulsions exhibit a linear relation between PO2 and dissolved oxygen. The most advanced substances may enter medicine in few years.

This article investigates the effects of commercially available artificial (aspartame, saccharin, sucralose) and natural sweeteners (brown sugar, white sugar, molasses) on the immune system. Human whole blood cultures were incubated with various sweeteners and stimulated in vitro with either phytohemagglutinin or endotoxin. Harvested supernatants were screened for cytotoxicity and cytokine rele...