Single gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), whose scattering light intensity was digitized and expressed as digital information through common software, were used as digital recorders for probing molecular binding of avidin to biotin.

Introduction: Discoloration of resin composites is a common reason for replacement of these restorations. The aim of this study was to eva-luate the influence of different light curing de-vices on color stability of a microhybrid resin composite.  Materials and Methods: 80 disc-shaped speci-mens (8 mm in diameter, 2-mm height) were fabricated from filtek Z250 resin composite. Specimens wer...

Organisms living in urban environments are exposed to different environmental conditions compared to their rural conspecifics. Especially anthropogenic noise and artificial night light are closely linked to urbanization and pose new challenges to urban species. Songbirds are particularly affected by these factors, because they rely on the spread of acoustic information and adjust their behaviou...

The direction of the upward light emission has different polluting effects on the sky depending on the distance of the observation site. We studied with detailed models for light pollution propagation the ratio bH bL , at given distances from a city, between the artificial sky luminance bH produced by its upward light emission between a given threshold angle θ0 and the vertical and the artifici...

Artificial night light has the potential to significantly alter visually-dependent species interactions. However, examples of disruptions of species interactions through changes in light remain rare and how artificial night light may alter predator-prey relationships are particularly understudied. In this study, we examined whether artificial night light could impact prey attraction and interce...