Infertility is one of the most common problems worldwide. Half causes infertility are due to women and half men. For this reason, studies overcome problem concentrated on way ensuring continuation generation by using high technology. purpose, applications such as (in vitro fertilization) IVF (intra cytoplasmic sperm injection) ICSI widely applied. This process done experts produces non-objectiv...

The success of artificial neural network evolution is determined by many factors. One of these factors is the fitness function used in genetic algorithm. Fitness function determines selection pressure and Therefore influences the direction of evolution. It decides, whether received artificial neural network will be able to fulfill its tasks. Three fitness functions are proposed and examined in ...

Evolvability in its simplest form is the ability of a population to respond to directional selection. More interestingly it means that some lineages show open-ended evolution by accumulating novel adaptations, and that some lineages complexity can increase indefinitely. Unlimited heredity is a precondition for such rich open-endedness, another one seems to be (analogous to) chemical combinatori...

The domestication of diverse grain crops from wild grasses was a result of artificial selection for a suite of overlapping traits producing changes referred to in aggregate as 'domestication syndrome'. Parallel phenotypic change can be accomplished by either selection on orthologous genes or selection on non-orthologous genes with parallel phenotypic effects. To determine how often artificial s...

The university timetabling, examination and course, are known to be highly constrained optimization problems. Metaheuristic approaches, and their hybrids, have successfully been applied to solve the problems. This paper presents three artificial immune algorithms, the algorithms inspired by the immune system, for university timetabling; clonal selection, immune network and negative selection. T...

Hanwoo have been subjected over the last seventy years to intensive artificial selection with the aim of improving meat production traits such as marbling and carcass weight. In this study, we performed a signature of selection analysis to identify recent positive selected regions driven by a long-term artificial selection process called a breeding program using whole genome SNP data. In order ...

The domestic dog has undergone extensive artificial selection resulting in an extreme diversity in body size, personality, life-history, and metabolic traits among breeds. Here we tested whether proactive personalities (high levels of activity, boldness, and aggression) are related to a fast "pace of life" (high rates of growth, mortality, and energy expenditure). Data from the literature provi...

3.1 Overview 3.2 Overview of Nodal Analysis 3.3 Selection and Determination of Tubing and Production Casing Sizes for Flowing Wells Importance of Sensitivity Analysis of Tubing Size Sensitivity Analysis and Optimization of Tubing Size of Flowing Well Optimization Method Based on Surface Tubing Pressure Derived by Given Separator Pressure Optimization Method Based on the Given Wellhead Tubing Pr...