the vehicle braking system is considered to be one of the most fundamental safety-critical systems in modern vehicles, as its main purpose is to stop or decelerate the vehicle. the frictional heat generated during braking application can cause numerous negative effects on the brake assembly, such as brake fade, premature wear, thermal cracks and disc thickness variation. in the past, surface ro...

members of the 67th world health assembly in 2014 were presented with a framework document to guide world health organization (who) engagement with non-state actors, a key part of who reform kick-started in 2011. according to this document, non-state actors include four distinct constituencies: i) nongovernmental organizations (ngos), ii) private sector entities; iii) philanthropic foundations;...

Assembly planning attempts to arrange product assembly sequences on the basis of the input of product description, similar assembly plans and assembly constraints. Assembly planning is frequently viewed as a creative thinking process, which requires extensive assembly planning experience. Assembly product modeling with mechanical connection functions has increasingly focused on assembly sequenc...

Product assembly design is a complex activity possible involving collaboration between different designers geographically dispersed. This paper puts forward some significant methodologies and technologies for distributed assembly and presents a collaboration architecture that manages to support working in both synchronous and asynchronous ways. Meanwhile, we adopt a three-level conflicts detect...

The use of modern technology in the construction of accurate solid macromolecular models based on atomic coordinates and electron density functions has led us to re-examine the usefulness of physical models as tools for understanding molecular assembly and for designing detailed experimental and computational studies of the assembly process. Recent developments include the construction of new m...

The Scanning Probe Microscopes (SPMs) based lithographic techniques have been demonstrated as an extremely capable patterning tool. Manipulating surfaces, creating atomic assembly, fabricating chemical patterns, imaging topography and characterizing various mechanical properties of materials in nanometer regime are enabled by this technique. In this paper, a qualified overview of diverse lithog...