Despite semen being the main vector of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dissemination worldwide, the origin of the virus in this bodily fluid remains unclear. It was recently shown that several organs of the male genital tract (MGT) are infected by HIV/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and likely to contribute to semen viral load during the primary and chronic stages of the infection. These...

artificial insemination, in vitro fertilisation and surrogacy) commonly known as Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs), which started in 1999 in the country, reached an important turning point on September 13, 2008. At a two day National Consultation on ‘Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs): Emerging Concerns and Future Strategies’ organised by Sama Resource Group for Women and Health ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The overall survival and cure rates of patients with childhood and adult malignancies have improved dramatically, but cancer treatment can be associated with diminished reproductive potential. However, research on the preservation of fertility in these patients has given patients new options. This article discusses the mechanisms of reproductive failure after cancer therapy an...

The scope of cancer treatment in women of childbearing age has changed in the last decade. Fertility preservation is no longer an afterthought but central to multi-disciplinary cancer treatment planning and should be addressed due to the cytotoxic effects of cancer therapy. However, oncology patients present as a unique treatment challenge as the physician must balance the urgency of fertility ...

Genetic causes have a considerable involvement in infertility. Well-known examples are some chromosomal translocations or sex-chromosomal abnormalities and Y-chromosome deletions. The most common chromosomal aberrations associated especially with severe oligo- and azoospermia are sex chromosome aneuploidies and chromosomal translocations. Consequently, occurrence of aneuploid embryos will lower...

Now-a-days the assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are progressing and advancing rapidly. Many reproductive medicine specialists do believe in ART to be the first choice for infertile women regardless of age related issues while gynecologists do believe in reproductive surgery as basic treatment option for these patients. Debate is still unsolved between reproductive surgery or ART which i...

BACKGROUND More and more HIV-1-infected men on effective antiretroviral treatment (ART) have unprotected sex in order to procreate. The main factor influencing transmission is seminal HIV shedding. While the risk of HIV transmission is very low, it is difficult to assess in individuals. Nevertheless, it should be quantified. RESULTS We retrospectively analysed seminal plasma HIV-1 shedding by...

Due to HIV care improvement, discordant couples more frequently seek help in order to conceive their own biological child. Besides the advance of antiretroviral therapy, unprotected intercourse is not a complete safe option, carrying a low but still present risk of HIV transmission. We report 10 serodiscordant couples in whom the male partner is HIV positive, submitted to sperm washing and intr...

Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have become almost commonplace in the developed world. It is estimated that 1% of American children are now conceived using some form of assisted reproduction, and that over a million children have been born as a result of the use of ARTs. In the past several years, however, scientists have begun to sound a cautionary note about the health outcomes of A...

Legal battles over same-sex marriage and technological developments in assisted reproduction have placed the question of the right of gays and lesbians to procreate on the public agenda. This article analyzes the extent to which rights of procreative liberty extend to the use of assisted reproductive techniques to have children and whether, if such rights exist, they can be denied to persons wh...