Behavior of geographic objects holds a critical role in spatial databases. This, along with objects’ position and space-varying attributes, form a minimal set of concepts sufficient to capture spatial peculiarities in terms of the object-oriented rational. We present the semantics and the graphical notation of a prototypical object-oriented model for the conceptual design of spatial databases: ...

Many mobile applications require some knowledge about the current geographic locations of the mobile objects involved. Therefore, services exist that can store and retrieve the position of mobile objects in an efficient and scalable way. More advanced location-aware applications, however, require additional functionality, like determining all mobile objects inside a certain geographic area (ran...

This paper examine that the geographic routing protocols are used in the mobile ad hoc networks. In routing protocols defines that each node identify the position of one hop neighbours, and also the packets are forwarded to a neighbours that is closer to the destination. This forwarding strategy should prevent radio communications between node. However, inexpensive position devices do not provi...

Behavior of geographic objects holds a critical role in spatial databases. This, along with objects’ position and space-varying attributes, form a minimal set of concepts sufficient to capture spatial peculiarities in terms of the object-oriented rational. We present the semantics and the graphical notation of a prototypical object-oriented model for the conceptual design of spatial databases: ...

In geographic routing, nodes to theirinstantaneous neighbors call for to maintain up-to-date positions for making successfulforwarding decisions. The geographic location coordinates of the nodes by the periodic broadcasting of beacon packetsis atrendy method used by the majority geographic routing protocols to preserve neighbor positions. We contend and display that periodicbeaconing apart from...

We define a ternary Relation Algebra (RA) of relative position relations on twodimensional directed lines (d-lines for short). A d-line has two degrees of freedom (DFs): a rotational DF (RDF), and a translational DF (TDF). The representation of the RDF of a d-line will be handled by an RA of 2D orientations, CYCt, known in the literature. A second algebra, T At, which will handle the TDF of a d...

immune responses play critical roles in the leishmaniasis eradication. il-10 is a key regulator of immune responses, and the polymorphisms within its promoter region are associated with alteration in its expression. therefore, this study was designed to examine the correlation between polymorphism at the -1082 position of the il-10 gene and visceral leishmaniasis (vl).the il-10 -1082 polymorphi...

conclusion: in this study group, tnf-α -238 polymorphism was shown to be different in preeclamptic and non-preeclamptic pregnant women. the aa genotype and the a allele may carry an increased risk for developing of preeclampsia. results: there were significant differences between the two groups in tnf-α genotype at position -238 (p < 0.001). in the preeclamptic group, the frequency of the aa ge...

background: hyperbilirubinemia is a common problem of neonatal period and phototherapy serves as the effective method in treatment. despite its worldwide application, there are many unanswered questions regarding enhancement of its efficacy. the aim of present study was the comparison of intermittent versus continuous phototherapy and position change effect on treatment of term newborns with ja...