OBJECTIVES Links between periodontal diseases and systemic diseases have been well documented by epidemiological studies. Recently, research has shifted to elucidating the biologic mechanism for a causal relationship. One focus of interest is atherosclerosis, the underlying event of cardiovascular diseases due to its serious health impact. However, it is still not clear whether periodontopathic...

Atherosclerosis is the most frequent disease of arteries characterized by lumen reduction of blood vessel due to local thickening of internal blood vessel by plaque/atheroma [1-3]. It is now one of the leading causes of death in developed countries. Of the ten most common causes of death, diseases of the heart and blood vessels, as a result of atherosclerosis, accounts for six of them. Atherosc...

MicroRNAs have been demonstrated to be involved in human diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. Growing evidences suggest that microRNA-155, a typical multifunctional microRNA, plays a crucial role in hematopoietic lineage differentiation, immunity, inflammation, viral infections, and vascular remodeling, which is linked to cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, abdomina...

Atherosclerosis is a chronic progressive vascular disease. It starts early in life, has a long asymptomatic phase, and a progression accelerated by various cardiovascular risk factors. The endothelium is an active inner layer of the blood vessel. It generates many factors that regulate vascular tone, the adhesion of circulating blood cells, smooth muscle proliferation, and inflammation, which a...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Central to type 2 DM is insulin resistance, a proinflammatory, hypercoagulable state that predisposes patients to develop cardiovascular disease and that is associated with risk factors for atherosclerosis including dyslipidemia, hypertension, inflammation, and altered hemostasi...

BACKGROUND Arteriosclerosis (arterial stiffening) is associated with future cardiovascular events, with this effect postulated to be due to its effect on cardiac afterload, atherosclerosis (plaque formation) progression or both, but with limited evidence examining these early in disease formation. The aim of the current study is to examine the association between arteriosclerosis, atheroscleros...

Premature coronary heart disease has emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic autoimmune diseases. Recent epidemiologic and pathogenesis studies have suggested a great deal in common between the pathogenesis of prototypic autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and that of atherosclerosis. Some of the most remarkable dat...

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by immune cell activation, inflammation driven plaque formation and subsequent destabilization. In other disorders of an inflammatory nature, the chronic inflammatory state per se has been linked to acceleration of the atherosclerotic process which is underlined by an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in disorder...

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease causes major morbidity and is an important determinant of premature death in the paediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) population. It is composed of three separate, although interrelated, disease processes: atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis (i.e. medial vascular calcifications) and myocardial disease. Myocardial consequences of atherosclerosis barely exist in...

Atherosclerosis is known as an inflammatory disease that can affect any vessel in the body. The occurrence of atherosclerosis in heart vessels is called coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD is one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Different genetic and environmental factors can cause cardiovascular diseases, such as age, weight, sex, and low high-de...