-Independent Vasodilation in Young Female Athletes With Exercise-Associated Amenorrhea To the Editor: Estrogen has great roles in controlling vascular function.1 Especially, estrogen augments endothelium-dependent vasodilation by increasing the bioavailability of endothelium-derived nitric oxide.2 Not only does estrogen replacement improve endothelium-dependent vasodilation in postmenopausal wo...

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in athletes, especially in middle-aged athletes. Studies have demonstrated that athletes who engage in endurance sports such as runners, cyclists and skiers are more prone to AF than other athletes. The effects of exercise on the onset and progression of AF is complex. Triggers of AF in athletes may include atrial ectopy and sports ...

This study examines the effect of an increase in minimum admissions standards on college enrollment and graduation rates of student-athletes. In 1996, the NCAA enacted Proposition 16, which increased the admission standards for freshmen student-athletes at Division I schools in an effort to improve graduation rates. Results indicate that Proposition 16 increased graduation rates significantly f...

Student-athletes were studied over 4 years at a highly selective liberal arts college and an Ivy League university. Students spending 10 or more hours per week in athletic activities had lower entering academic credentials and academic selfassessments than non-athletes, but the academic performance of athletes was not below what would be expected based on their entering profiles. Athletes surpa...

The floppy Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) sign is a well-established arthroscopic and MRI indicator of Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) insufficiency. We explored the diagnostic and therapeutic options in such cases by retrospectively analyzing the management of a series of five consecutive cases of iatrogenic floppy ACL reconstructions which resulted in fixed posterior drawer. All patients ...

Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is widely accepted as the treatment of choice for individuals with functional instability due to an ACLdeficient knee. It is estimated that anywhere between 60,000 and 75,000 ACL reconstructions are performed annually in the United States, although this number may be as high as 350,000. Despite the fact that nearly 90% of index ACL reconstr...

UNLABELLED Footprint analysis is a simple, cost-effective and readily available method for evaluation of flat feet, to identify a person in forensic content and for shoe manufacturing. OBJECTIVE To examine the footprints in athletes and non-athletes and to compare their foot print measurements. MATERIAL AND METHOD Four hundred and ninety-two athletes and four hundred and thirty-one non-athl...

"Attentional" adaptations are fundamental effects for sport performance. We tested the hypothesis that tiredness and muscular fatigue poorly affect visuo-spatial attentional processes in elite karate athletes. To this aim, 14 elite karate athletes and 11 non-athletes were involved in an isometric contraction exercise protocol up to muscular fatigue. Blood lactate and attention measurements were...

The objective of this paper is to measure and compare the subjective time discounting of professional athletes and nonathletes. By using a questionnaire, we found higher subjective discounting for professional athletes than for non-athletes. We also found that the professional athletes’ win-orientation positively affected their present preferences. On the other hand, professional athletes’ play...

Kenyan athletes have dominated international distance running in recent years. Explanations for their success include favourable physiological characteristics, which could include favourable genetic endowment, and advantageous environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to compare the demographic characteristics of elite Kenyan runners with those of the general Kenyan population. Questi...