BACKGROUND Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) is bleeding occurring after 6-12 months of amenorrhea in a woman of age where the menopause can be expected. Objectives of this study were to ascertain various causes and prevalence of genital organ malignancy in patients presenting with postmenopausal bleeding. METHODS A prospective observational study carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and G...

Breast cancer patients who are taking adjuvant Aromatase Inhibitor (AI) therapy typically have extremely low estradiol levels, which are undetectable by routine clinical laboratories. Thus, it becomes difficult to assess the safety of interventions such as low-dose vaginal estrogen, which may increase estradiol levels. In this study, we aimed to assess the utility of enzyme-linked immunosorbent...

Background: Vaginitis means inflammation of the vaginal mucosa and is one most common causes for consulting to a gynecologists. Mixed-type infections are simultaneous at least two types pathogens (for example, bacteria Candida species). In treatment mixed vaginitis, broad spectrum antimicrobial therapy effective on different kinds required. Aim: The purpose this review evaluate place efficacy f...

OBJECTIVE To present a primary care approach to evaluating and managing abnormal uterine bleeding. SOURCES OF INFORMATION Literature searches were conducted on MEDLINE from 1996 to November 2004, EMBASE from 1996 to January 2005, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from the 4th quarter of 2004 to the 3rd quarter of 2005, guideline advisory committee databases, the Canadian Medical Ass...

UNLABELLED Vaginal inflammation (vaginitis) is the most common disease caused by the human-pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. Secretory aspartyl proteinases (Sap) are major virulence traits of C. albicans that have been suggested to play a role in vaginitis. To dissect the mechanisms by which Sap play this role, Sap2, a dominantly expressed member of the Sap family and a putative constituent o...

introduction:oral lichen planus(olp)is a chronic mucocutaneus disease with an immunological etiology. this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cedar honey in treatment of erosive- atrophic olp.materials and methods: thirty patients with confirmed clinical and histopathologic of olp participated in a randomized clinical trial in mashhad dental school.patients were randomly allocated in...

Sera from 200 pregnant women, with symptoms suggestive of vaginitis and harbouring yeast in the vagina, were examined for precipitating antibodies to three antigens of C. albicans, using a gel double diffusion test. A high overall incidence of precipitin-positive sera (47.5%) was found compared with an incidence of 18% in the unselected pregnant population previously studied (Stanley, Hurley, a...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a common fungal infection among women during reproductive ages. Although, Candida albicans is accounted as the main etiologic agent of vaginitis, non-albicans species have arisen during last years. Resistant to antifungal drugs especially, fluconazole has been more reported by researchers from around the World. The aims of this study were to...