A credible theory of intelligence must provide a satisfactory account of the wide spectrum of learning abilities displayed by humans and some other animals. One of the most impressive of these is skill acquisition—the ability to create new skills, refine them through practice, and apply them in new task contexts. This ability to retain and refine solutions to important subproblems and then empl...

The simultaneous consideration of various notions (practice, procedure, prescribed task, effective task, task space, task search, task, method, activity) shows that the task accomplishment cannot be discussed at a general level, as classical approaches do. Rather, this paper points out the importance to distinguish the task definition and the task realization because the former is mainly static...

This paper proposes an innovative financial instrument to fund projects that combine profit-making with significant social or environmental goals, specially in emerging low-income economies. The proposal is based on improvements the typical impact bond model aim of better aligning parties' incentives, and also making it more transparent, traceable compatible revenue-generating projects. It appl...

The present study was an attempt, to empirically investigate if there was any significant difference between authentic listening materials and their simplified version in terms of the listening comprehension of Iranian EFL learners. To this end, two groups of thirty subjects were chosen. One group received authentic listening materials and the other group received the same topic in simplified v...

Abstract Nowadays, we must be prepared for unknown or unexpected situations in design, design research, and education. We are awaiting changes standards the art, engineering education system. currently facing a new type of communication process. Classical research traditional forms changing, searching development strategies. The Star Status philosophy is viewed social context as section It part...